The sharing economy is emerging around the world in the form of a “plough of flowers”. Big data drive new industries, opening up space for innovation. The sharing economy has brought about not only an entirely new way of life, but also a new economic business and business model in the internet age. This boom has also engulfed china, with the emergence of economic models of sharing knowledge, factors of production and cities。
While delivering significant economic, social and ecological benefits, the sharing of the economy's “judgmental growth” has also encountered development bottlenecks. Emerging business patterns have breached traditional management patterns, and many areas have entered regulatory vacuums, creating potential security risks. For the sharing economy, there is a need, on the one hand, to foster inclusive development and, on the other hand, to move away from the idea of “broad-security” in order not to undermine its principles of market innovation, to adapt regulatory strategies to local conditions, to clean up unreasonable regulations in a timely manner and to promote synergistic governance of the sharing economy. Since today, the economic reference journal has launched the sharing the economy series (the next three above) for readers。
Ma dong-speaks millions of dollars a day on the platform, and the 40-day pay-and-answer line is over $18 million... The economics reference reporter found that, supported by internet technology, the “knowledge sharing” of the “shell, knowledge-based” companies for the breakthrough entered a centralized eruption in the first half of 2016 as a new economic model for information supply-side reform。
At the same time, issues such as weak copyright protection, the difficulty of quantifying the value of knowledge, and the excessive impact of stars have been embarrassed by the economic development of fee-paying knowledge-sharing, and are still in the “empty zone” of policy regulation. It was suggested that industry norms should be jointly explored as soon as possible to promote good industry development。
Knowledge makes money
Is it possible for respondents and questioners to receive a cash return when they have accurate responses to questions from others? In almost a month or two, the shell and well-represented internet knowledge community introduced a pay-and-answer application, which immediately “activated” the market and received high attention from society, with a large number of internet users stationed on those applications。
It was described that the “distribution” of the shell's “pay-and-answer” product had been online for just over 40 days, with more than 1 million and 330,000 subscribers accessing the main answer page, resulting in 500,000 voice-answers, with a total value of over 18 million transactions and a repurchase rate of 43 per cent. Last september, “distribution” received $25 million in round a financing, valued at nearly 200 million yuan. The founder of the shell network, ji xiii, described the fact that, in addition to individual respondents, more than 800 institutional users have now applied for posting “responses”, including a number of public figures such as logical thinking, car homes, the best of the century, networking services, etc。
Currently, a number of internet enterprises are exploring forms of fee-paying for the sharing of valuable content, including split responses, and the community of online knowledge questions and answers knows the value of similar products such as live. Of these, “in line” provides personalized knowledge services in “hours” at a cost of 3. 0 per cent, divided equally between questioners and questioners, knowing that live pays through the launching of thematic workshops, etc. The price of knowledge information in these forms is set by the respondent or sponsor。
Multi-industry analysis suggests that supply-side reforms in all areas of the shared economy are just beginning. For knowledge-sharing, the supply side is highly dispersed and resilient, while the advent of the internet has made it possible for decentralized supplies to become stable and sticky. According to ji xiii, the sharing economy has changed not only all aspects of people's lives, such as the use of cars and houses, but also the re-management of knowledge, with new applications allowing people to freely trade their minds。
Analysis of the data shows that three main features have emerged from these platforms: a professional. According to non-exhaustive statistics, the respondents currently on the “distributional” platform are mostly professionals of various professions, with 5028 respondents in the medical field, 4,366 in the educational sector, 3,371 in the workplace, and 1,881 in the scientific community. Two is precision. While some of the stars bring a great deal of attention and traffic, these platforms are more focused on building services of expertise in vertical areas. Third is high quality. Data from the 2014 user survey show that 87 per cent of persons with undergraduate and higher education in the community and more than 75 per cent of those with a professional background have gathered a large number of highly educated persons with various professional backgrounds and have become one of the most important platforms for many internet users to seek real information。
The copyright dilemma has yet to be broken
The long-term accumulation of internet content, increased demand for spiritually based consumer upgrading by the public, and the high returns and positive interactions that result from innovations in knowledge realization channels have become the main drivers of fee-based knowledge-sharing outbreaks. The ceo weekly analysis, known as the founders, points out that the content-paying model is not an instantaneous explosion, but rather a rich chain of valuable information, professional users and people-to-people relationships, which is dependent on community, search-based content production. For example, for the sharer, it is important to judge whether there is a potential user interest in his live field and what the key elements are shared based on knowledge of the heat of the topic and discussion of sedimentation。
Moreover, public willingness to pay for knowledge has increased in the overall context of consumer upgrading. According to some sources, real-time interaction, such as voice, is a unique, scenario-based sharing, with users no longer content with simply searching for information of general knowledge that is available on the internet, but rather a value judgement of accurate, personalized information or knowledge that gives them the willingness to pay, and efficient internet technology to match supply and demand leads to the production of valuable paid products at low cost and on a scale, coupled with the rapid development of our mobile payment system and the high public acceptance of small payments to close the loop. At the same time, there is a relationship with the integrity system of society as a whole. There is a growing willingness to trust strangers on the internet, personal credit letters. Whether or not there is trust and ex post mechanisms are more mature。
Journalists have found that, compared to government platforms, some of them have developed strong voice and credibility in a wide range of areas, such as medicine, food, and the dissemination of technology. First, in the spring of 2011, when japan suffered a nuclear spill as a result of the 8. 9-degree earthquake, panic and rumours were frequent, while the shells quickly rallied on topics such as saline-blowing, which gained great credibility through mass media. At present, food science writers, such as yun yuen, chung kai and others, who are highly credible in the people's minds, and li qinghian and yu zheng, in the field of health care, are largely among the “responders”。
In the view of experts, copyright issues, quantification of the value of knowledge, high star effect and higher vertical specialization are all present dilemmas for fee-paying knowledge-sharing, which is still being explored. First, copyright protection is weak. According to a sample survey known at the beginning of 2015, 99 per cent of the 3,000 “hot” responses randomly screened had been abused by other content platforms. It was suggested that the development of cross-platform communication, the signing of user agreements to clarify rights and obligations, the granting of copyright to the products concerned, the reduction of the cost of defending rights and the raising of copyright awareness should be effective measures。
Two, the star effect overfire. Currently, for start-up pay-and-answer applications, most platforms rely mainly on the introduction of stars for forward traffic import, but the sustainability of “consumer stars” requires a question mark. According to incomplete “distribution”, the probability that questions will be answered is approximately 39 per cent, while the probability that the data from the top 10 stars will be removed will rise to 50 per cent, while some areas of specialization can even reach 60 to 80 per cent. According to ji xiii practitioners, only hard demand is of hard value, and vertical specialization will be an important development for knowledge sharing。
The development of the public letter platform is in doubt
It is widely recognized that, if knowledge can be considered as a commodity, its pricing is difficult to quantify as easily as other commodities, and how knowledge can be quantified, standardized and tradable would be a larger market. The founder of the media media, ceo, said that the amount of our knowledge that is worth is what we need to try on the platform to find the corresponding value。
According to ji xiii, while knowledge-sharing has a relatively small audience for the time being, ranging from a million-to-tenth of a million-degree market, it is likely that the future will be faster and that a large number of similar knowledge-paying products are expected to emerge in industry later this year, as well as in a form that may extend to vertical areas across a wide range of industries, with sharing at the enterprise level, institutional level and so on, with “fire and wind” projected for the second half of this year。
The experts believe that, first, these platforms can form an expert “no discount” dialogue with the public and provide the public with a high-quality supply of knowledge, which could become a major “meanor” for rebuilding the credibility of the public sector. Ji xiii stated that the shells had been introduced into a great deal of the resources of the societies and scientists. “the efficiency and effectiveness of this direct dialogue will be exponentially enhanced if a significant amount of academic resources can be mobilized at the national level and when ministries' idle hours are brought together to build a knowledge-sharing network, using food safety, medical conflicts, etc. As a breakthrough”。
Second, regulations should be put in place as soon as possible and incorporated into regulation. The new model of knowledge-sharing, which uses idle time to sell its own virtual value, needs policy guidance and regulation, but is still in the policy-regulated “empty zone”, using idle time to sell its own virtual value, how invoices are issued, and how respondents collect personal income taxes, among other issues, are also plaguing the platform's next exploration. “the competent authorities, together with enterprises, may explore the establishment of a pilot version of industry norms as soon as possible.”
As an emerging experiment, ji 13 and zhou were hoping that the platform would provide safeguards, protection, insurance as soon as possible, and that the regulatory authorities would see positive aspects of the issue of whether policy could be guided, supported by regulation, and whether, as a result, policies could be guided and supported by “time-to-work responses, how to define” and “information answered with privacy and confidentiality, how to regulate”。
Expert: “soft law” to break down economic barriers to sharing
The sharing economy is not firmly rooted and regulatory attention must be paid to adjustment and swing space
Liu junhai, professor at the faculty of law of the people's university of china and director of the institute of business law of the people's university of china, believes that sharing the economy is a new thing and that its business model has a number of legal implications, some of which can be regulated by the existing civil and consumer codes. However, the legal norms currently applicable to the shared economy are far from sufficient to respond to the rapidly evolving shared platform. Many experts suggested that economic barriers to sharing should be removed by “soft law” and that, if regulations and directives were adopted, the hierarchy of legal effects, though higher, was too rigid and lacked room for adjustment and rotation。
In this study, journalists have learned that today there is a balance between the pro- and anti-share sectors of society that support what they call the “creative industry”, the “new economy of supply-side reform” and the conservatives of the “unstable producer economy” that undermines the established industrial order and risks being exploited in bad faith by criminals。
According to journalists, there are currently three broad types of operators that share economic models: the first is a genuine and steady operator, with prudent operating regulations, with strong managerial skills and a strong control capability, popularly referred to as “dry and dry”; the second is a blind person who enters the field by sharing economic heat without the corresponding expertise and control capacity, who simply wants to earn money, who is underestimating difficulties and risks and who is “dry but not dry”. Such operators often lack patience and self-restraint, which can easily lead to poor operations, failures and even runaways. The third category is pure fraud, aimed at financial fraud in the name of economic sharing. This type may be small in number, but it is more deceptive and more likely to have adverse effects because of considerations. For example, the erroneous formula “1 dollar = 10 cents x 10 cents = 100 cents = 10,000 minutes = 100 dollars” has been widely circulated on the internet to interpret the sharing economic model and to use it to develop fans and fans。
According to the experts interviewed, category i should be regulated and protected, category ii should be suppressed and phased out, and category iii should be severely combated. At the same time, security issues are properly defined and addressed. In their view, security issues are often an important reason for denying the sharing of new economic business. However, discussions on security issues have been broad and empty and often lacked sufficient specificity. It is therefore important to move away from the idea of “a pan-security” and to address the related security issues through specific institutional designs to promote shared economic development. On the one hand, it would be useful to know whether commercial innovations in sharing the economy brought more security problems than traditional business models; on the other hand, whether emerging security problems could be addressed through complementary regimes。
Despite these and similar problems in the domestic development of the sharing economy, most of the experts interviewed expressed an open and tolerant attitude towards this new economic model, which “do not want to own, but rather to use”。
The experts interviewed stated that sharing the economy in china was not the platform itself (enterprises, individuals), but a series of social, political and economic policy choices that would be made. The so-called “determined and backward movement” can be truly appropriate to share the economy only if it is a sober-thinking policy。
The first is to close existing loopholes. In the p2p sector, for example, the 10 ministries ' guidance on promoting the development of financial health on the internet has identified important elements that need to be implemented as soon as possible, such as the establishment of third-party mechanisms for the management of customer funds, the establishment of mechanisms for information disclosure and risk alerts, the strengthening of money-laundering and the prevention of financial crime. In concrete terms, the sharing of economic activities must be regulated in a targeted manner, depending on the problems that have been revealed, for example, by specifying that no institution that is not authorized by the financial regulatory authority is allowed to include the word “financial” in its name at the time of registration. There is also a need for caution and clear criteria for names that are potentially misleading and misleading, such as “financial management”. At the same time, there is a need to strengthen the requirements for hosting and transparency, to make it clear that the risks must be fully exposed when promoting products, and to focus on monitoring and scrutiny of web-based financial platforms that are too expanding and overspread in the media。
The second is to use “soft law” to protect the escort. The ceo zhang zhang zhang zhang zhang, a full-fledged (shanghai microinformatics consulting ltd.), believes that “appropriate regulation is necessary” and that the absence of regulatory freedom will lead to a breakdown of chaos, but that it is more, more, more, more balanced art. In particular, once it rises to the level of laws and regulations, it leads to interaction at all levels of government and to a butterfly effect, so the government now has to be cautious in its policy。
The founder of the shell network, ji 13, believes that new things will pose problems, and he hopes that in the future there will be no too strict regulation and no “one-size-fits-all” calls for innovation。
Professor yoo joon-hai suggested that more consideration be given to “soft” management. The forthcoming eu shared economic policy, for example, does not take the form of enforceable regulations, directives, etc., but rather of guidelines. In his view, for china, where the sharing economy has not taken root, the sharing economy is still evolving rapidly, far from ripe for stereotyping; at the same time, the rise of the sharing economy has had some impact on traditional economic patterns. Thus, the adoption of regulations and directives, although at a higher level of legal force, is too rigid, lacking room for adjustment and rotation to meet both the need to share the changing economy and the risk of a rebound in traditional economic practices. The advantage of adopting the form of a guide is that, while drawing the bottom line, it gives flexibility to the free development and sharing of economic development。
The third is to strengthen coordinated cross-sectoral governance and improve the related tax system. With regard to the large number, dispersion and extensive use of internet technology in economic sharing platforms, the experts recommended that the exchange of relevant data be added to local government information platforms and that information be shared among the public security, business, transport, residential management, tourism and tax authorities so that tax authorities can obtain information on vehicle operating platforms, short rental platforms, tax administration and tax loopholes through data exchange. At the same time, mechanisms have been set up to link up with the business, transport and tourism sectors; crisis management mechanisms have been established, including those of the public security, prosecution, central and local financial authorities, to respond to emergencies in a timely manner。
