Garlic is a home-based dish and a cash crop of many farmers, growing widely and of great use. Its roots are not deep, mainly in 10-25 centimetres of soil, and it likes to be cool, not to be cold, but to be afraid of heat and water, and to grow a little bit sensitive to time and management. The key to growing garlic is to grow 5-6 leaves before winter comes. At this time, the garlic seed is well-fed, resistant to freezing, safe for winter, and the garlic is thick in the back; if it grows too early, before winter, its nutrients run out, it is resistant to freezing; if it is too late, it grows small and leaves are small, it is prone to freezing in winter, and it is small in the coming year, with low production. Let's say when and how the garlic is grown, just do it。
I. Employment times: the north and north are above
When does garlic grow? It's local weather. Most of our country is built in the autumn, in particularly cold places in the north-east, in inner mongolia. Winter is too long to grow in spring. The core is to get garlic seedlings to grow at the right temperature, either safely through the winter or successfully through the "spring" process。
Autumn species: 5-6 leaves per winter
In autumn, garlic is grown in reverse by the time of the local early frost — it is grown from five to six leaves, 45 to 60 days, and the most suitable temperature is 15 to 20°c, so when the average temperature during the day falls to 15 to 17°c, it should be。
Southern warmth and places: sichuan, chongqing, guizhou, yunnan and the north-south side of the lake, which are not cold in the winter, are generally above 0°c and can be planted between late august and early september. At this time, the temperature is right, the seeding is fast, and it takes more than two months to grow five to six leaves before winter, without a deliberate cold or cold, and last march to april to collect it。
The yangtze river basin and the huang huai region: in shandong, north-south, henan, jiangsu, anhui, zhejiang and shaanxi guan, winter temperatures range from 5°c to 5°c, which are frosts, usually grown around october (15-20 days before the fall of the frost). For example, the main area of shandong garlic production is the most suitable for october 5-15, when temperatures of 16-18°c are high and seedlings are fast. By the end of november, when winter comes, it will be 25-30 centimetres high, with 5-6 leafs, so that simple cover can survive the winter。
In the cold areas of the north, north-west of the river, north-west of the mountains, cold winters, high-risk autumns, early farming, late september and early october, allowing the seedlings to grow three to four leaves in the middle of november, covering the membrane or drying up the cold, so that it does not grow too strong or too weak。
Spring species: cold areas exclusive, hoisting seeds
In the north-east, the interior of mongolia and the north of xinjiang, winter temperatures are often below -10°c, and garlic cannot survive the winter in the open, but only in spring. The key is to “premature planting, but not to let the seed grow mad”, when the soil is frozen and the average temperature during the day is stable at 5-8°c, so that it is quickly grown, usually from late march to early april (more than 10 cm). At this point, garlic can finish springing at low temperatures, and then it can smoke and make garlic normally; it is warmer late, it is not springing enough, it is easy to grow seedlings without garlic, or it's sprawling。
3. What about the timing of planting? Watch three
See the variety: the pre-literate garlic (e. G., “two-water morning” “red garlic”) grows fast, growing three to five days late; the late-literate garlic (e. G., “goldland garlic”) grows slowly, growing five to seven days early, ensuring sufficient leaves before winter。
Soils are seen: sandy soil is not well fattening, is fast growing and can grow 2-3 days late; adhesive land has poor air, is slow to grow two-3 days early, and does not last long enough before winter。
See the old experience: refer to the most appropriate local planting time in the first three to five years, with three to five days later in the year, and three to five days earlier in the cold, following the weather。
Ii. Elements for singing: from seeding to seedlings, one step at a time
Garlic looks simple, but each step affects the growth and growth of seedlings. It is necessary to make the selection of seedlings, whole soil, seedlings, seedlings, so that they can be well, strong and disease-free。
1. Seed treatment: picking the petals, disinfecting them, making them strong
Garlic seeds are garlic petals. Four steps to "choice, sun, immerse, mix" before the show:
Choosing the petals: picking the big, full, without wounds, with no molds, with no worms, with little petals, with deformed petals, with broken petals. Rating of garlic petals by size, separation of petals (5-6 g each) and chinese petals (3-4 g each) so as not to mix them — otherwise, the seedlings will grow sooner or later, will grow differently, will not be well managed and production will be affected。
(b) sunshine petals: the seeding of the previously selected garlic petals in the cold, two to three days of sunbath (not in the sun), one to two times a day, dry up the garlic petals, reduce the disease above, and break the “sleeping”, so that it can germinate early. After sunbathing, the gestation rate is 10-15 per cent higher and the seeding rate is 1-2 days earlier。
Veal disinfection: after sunbathing, a hot water of 30-35 °c is used for 12-24 hours in order to make it drink enough water and grow fast; if the earth is prone to garlic rusty, root decomposition, 50% more fungus is added to the warm water (normally 500 times liquid) or 70% more methyl sulphate (800 times liquid), 12 hours is spent, cleans up with fresh water, drys up and replants, kills the fungus of the garlic larvae and reduces the incidence of disease in the nursery。
Porbet protection: if there's vermin, garlic mackerel in the ground, it's phenylether cranium or mercuric moth. These blends are evenly mixed at the rate of 50-80 pounds of garlic, dry for half an hour and wrap them on garlic. It'll protect the worms from garlic petals and roots, and it'll protect the aphids and the steeds and make them grow well。
2. Fertilizing the whole earth: the earth needs to be loose and fat to grow
Garlic is shallow and has weak nutrient intake, and it is necessary to clean up the soil and to fatten it to create a comfortable environment for its roots。
(b) land selection: land selection: flat, water drainage, soil-rich, nutritious sandy or bordery soil, not in low-lying water, earth-loated blocks or saline fields. If the soil is too adhesive, it is then grown with corroded sand (200-300 kg per acre) or shredded corroded straw, so that the soil is pine, and soil alkalis with 100-150 kg per acre of decomposition of sheep dung, so that the acidity is adjusted。
The whole earth: 15-20 days before the planting, the ground was ploughed to 25-30 cm, breaking the hard layer below and allowing the earth to breathe. After three to five days of sunburning, the soil is fertilized to kill some fungus and insect eggs; then the earth is torn to pieces, and the earth is torn to the ground, and the earth is to be made of a flat lid of 1. 2-1. 5 metres wide (in the rainy places of the south, 15-20 cm high, 30 cm wide, well drained), and the ground is to be flat, not to leave large earth blocks, otherwise it is to grow at a different depth。
Bottom fertilizer: garlic loves fatty, long and long, full of fatty and decomposition, predominantly organic, supported by fertilizer. 3000-5,000 kg of rotted chicken, pig or cow dung per acre, mixed with 50 kg of nitrogen phosphorus, 30 kg of calcium per phosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulphate. And when you have done so, you can also open a ditch in the guacamole, and bury it in the gutter, so that it does not touch the garlic, or burn the petals。
Sowing techniques: distance, depth and positioning
Sowing technology is the key, and distance, shallowness and garlic can affect the size of seedlings and garlic。
Line distance: see what the varieties and species do - if they are to eat garlic (garlic) they can be closed, 15-18 centimetres in length and 6-8 centimetres in length; if they are to collect garlic, they must be thin, 20-25 centimetres in length, 8-10 centimetres in length, leaving 30,000 seedlings per acre. The late-cooked range is large and can be wider; the early-cooked species are small, narrow, and the field is radiant and less ill。
Depth of seeding: a 4-5 cm depth is the most appropriate, either by opening a ditch with a hoe or by digging a pit with a small shovel, with the bottom level being flat. It's too deep, it's thick, it's more nutrient-consuming, it's slow, it's weak, it's too shallow, it's dry, it's out, it's out, it's cold, it's out, it's green and it's not good。
Garlic petals: the garlic petals must be “head up, stand up”, the garlic petals must be “head down, point up”, the garlic petals must be down, point up, gently press into the bottom of the ditch or pit, and the garlic should be attached to the earth, and then put on one or two centimetres of thick soil, which should be smooth enough to cover the garlic — so thick that it is easy to grow so thin, too thin to freeze. Don't let the garlic petals go round or upside down, and the seedlings grow crooked and the roots are not good; the buds go down, they go up, they consume nutrients, they grow slow and weak。
(b) press one pressure after the broadcast: cover the earth, step on the face with its feet or on the plate, tighten the earth and the garlic, leave the stitches, prevent the running of the water, so that the garlic can sprout. Don't step too hard, otherwise it's muddled and it affects the seedlings. After planting 7 to 10 days, the soil is wet and 5 to 7 days are released。
4. Post-broadcast management: phased management, garlic
After the show, you have to keep up with garlic, watering, chilling and weeding, so that the seedlings can survive the winter and spring and grow and make garlic。
Before seeding: from seeding down to seedlings, the key is to “maintenance wetness”, to water (small water pouring or dripping), to 60 to 70 per cent of the earth's water content (capacitating a piece of earth, undeterred), so that the garlic can sow the lumber; if it rains, drain the water, so that it doesn't soak in the ground, otherwise the garlic will rot. This is a time when you don't have to fatten, you don't have to fatten up, you don't have to touch garlic。
Shrimp period (after seeding until winter): after seeding, see if there is any shortage of seedlings, and if there is no spare garlic, then replant them (supplied garlic can pre-supplete the seedlings, so that the seed is as tall). Do not pour too much water during the period, and the soil is dried up, so that it does not grow too much; if the bottom is not fat enough, 5-8 kilograms of urea water per acre are poured up to a height of 10-15 centimetres, so that leaves grow well. Weeds are to be pulled in time, while the grass is still small, not with herbicides, which are vulnerable to seedlings, and not with grass and garlic。
Winter break (norther point): cold winter in the north, weather-proof - at the end of november, when the soil was frozen, “winter water” was poured once, so that the soil was wet, but not water, so that the soil could form a freeze and protect its roots from freezing; the water could be filled with 1,000-1,500 kg of decomposition manure per acre, covered by the acre, which could feed and keep warm. Particularly cold areas (north of the river, west of the hill) can be covered with a 5-8 cm straw, weed or membrane on the face of the twilight, covering the membrane (one per 20 cm each), so that the temperature below the membrane is not too high, so that the membrane is removed from the spring when it is frozen。
Return to youth (spring): in february-march of the following year, when the warmer day begins and the garlic begins to turn back to the green, it is time to pour out the pine pine soil, crush the ground and warm up the ground, so that the roots grow well; 10-15 days after return, 20 to 25 kg of potassium a nitrogen phosphorus per acre (15-15), or 10 kg urea plus 10 kg potassium sulphate, to supplement the nutrients, so that the leaves grow well and the garlic swells. At this time, aphids can be protected against aphids and garlic mackerel, which can spray 10% amphibians (1,500 times) and mackerel can be rooted with 40% thion (500 ml per acre)。
5. What about the garlic? Time and growth
In spring, garlic is grown for a long time (100-120 days) and has to be springed, managed with “early seed, early tube” to cover winter。
Early seeding: when the soil is frozen, it can freeze the garlic for 15-20 days (spring treatment) before planting it at 0-5°c; when planting it can be shallow, 3-4 centimetres deep, warm the ground and produce the seedlings quickly。
(b) early tube: when seedlings come out, water and fertilize them, the soil must remain wet and 10 kg of urea per acre to make the seed grow fast; when garlic swells, 15 kg of potassium sulphate per acre, less nitrogen fattening, less so that the seed will grow too much and the nutrients will turn to garlic。
Control: if the garlic is too long in the spring, 5% of the acetate (1,000 times the liquid) is sprayed at 20 cm height to control the height of the seed and allow the nutrients to go to the garlic。
Iii. Conclusion: following the local context, the details are high
At the heart of the garlic crop is “choice for time, seedling, fattening, piped” - in autumn, measured by “five to six leaves before winter”, in the south in august-september and around october in the north; in spring, thawing is the best place to plant in march-april. From the pick of garlic petals to the tube seedlings, every step is to be taken: the garlic is to be disinfected, the earth is to be fertilized, the land is to be grown in depth, and it is to be fertilized in the winter, and the spring is to be fertilized in time, so that the garlic is to grow and full of garlic. You can adapt to local weather, variety and old experience, and you can grow good garlic and make money。
