Blueberries contain nutrients such as fruit sugar, cellulose, vitamin a and c, and are rich in antioxidants, bacterial growth inhibitors, florist acids, fragrances, folic acids, florins, and acetone, which are closely related to the removal of free radicals in humans, inhibition and reversal of human aging. Blueberries are not only rich in nutrients but also have health effects such as the prevention of angiogeneity, obscurity and strength. Technologies for the management of blueberry production are described below for information。
1 park selection
Blueberries are suitable to be grown in acid soils with soil fertility, air permeability, high organic content and ph values of 4. 0 to 5. 5. Thus, organic content is selected at 8% or more at the time of construction, and ph values of 4. 3 ~ 4. 8 are preferred, with particular attention to irrigation water and no alkaline water source. High and low ph values in soils affect the growth and development of blueberries。
Plantation in areas with high ph values requires soil conversion. The ph value of the soil is reduced by sulfur powder or aluminum sulphate powder in the year prior to planting, when the grass-grain soil is mixed with the soil at a 1:1 ratio and spread on the planting belt。
2 tree planting
When planting a tree, the choice of a two- to three-year-old sapling with a full roots and a thick, dry seedling increases the rate of survival. In general, high-strength blueberries need to be configured with 2 - 3 pollination varieties to increase the rate of blueberries and the fruit. However, in the absence of trees, they can also be planted in individual varieties, at a range of 1. 5 m x 2 m or 1 m x 3 m, digging a hole of 40 cm x 40 cm, and planting the trees to water the soil。
3 integrative cuts
Following blueberry cultivation, proper intracting should be done to adjust the conflict between nutritional growth and reproductive growth for the purpose of high-quality ventilation. Plantation occurs in the second year after planting, when flowering results consume a great deal of nutrients and affect the growth of the tree body, and proper grafting should be carried out to promote root system development, the expansion of the canopy and the increase in the number of branches; in the third or fourth year, the growth of the growing tree is predominant and the increase in the number of branches can be achieved in small amounts; after entering the adult productive tree, the main branches of the disease and the lower branches are treated; and some of the many-year-old branches are updated in a timely fashion。
4 fertilized water management
Blueberry roots are thin and have no hair, so there are strict requirements for soil fertilizing water, and soil humidity and air permeability are essential conditions for its normal growth. Orchards use weed removal and control competition between weeds and tree bodies, and can also protect weeding by covering bark, sawntail, etc. When the soil has insufficient water content, irrigation should be carried out in a timely manner. Unlike other fruit trees, blueberry fertilisation should be carried out every 2-3 years, with a soil and leaf analysis, precise fertilization, under-fertilization or overdose, to the detriment of blueberry growth。
1) blueberries are typical of unsatisfied calcium plants. Blueberries have the capacity to rapidly absorb and accumulate calcium, and when they are planted in calcium soils, rapid absorption of calcium can affect iron absorption and leave the plant ungreening。
2) blueberries are oligarchy. Compared to other plants, trees require low amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., so that fertilization can be applied with excessive input at a time, causing damage to plants. The application of full fertilizer is better than the application of a single fertilizer, and the application of full fertilizer is 40 per cent more productive than a single fertilizer. Blueberry fertilisation promotes the mixing of potassium nitrogen phosphorus with a combination of soil and foliage analysis to determine a reasonable application of fertilization, a lower level of nitrogen is required for soil with a generally high organic content, and the ratio of potassium nitrogen phosphorus to 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 3 > 4 and a higher level of potassium phosphorus in mineral soil with a ratio of 1:1 ° or 2:1. 1 °1。
3) blueberry prefers ammonium nitrogen and has a much stronger capacity to absorb ammonium nitrogen than nitric nitrogen. Refrain from using nitrogen as nitrogen fertilizer for blueberries, which is not only unabsorptionable but also causes poor growth, thus promoting the use of ammonium sulfate and reducing soil ph values. In addition, blueberries are chlorine-sensitive and highly toxic. Do not use chlorine-containing fertilizers such as ammonium chloride, potassium chloride. High-strength blueberries and rabbit-eye blueberries fertilize in ditches at depths of 10 to 15 cm; short bush blueberries are primarily fertilized, and soil fertilisation takes place before early spring sprouts and waits for berries to be fertilized again。
5 pest management
Priority should be given to a range of measures to combat disease and grass, such as resistant varieties, non-chemical plant management, seedlings, strengthening of cultivation management, grass-cutting in china, cleaning of fields, and the use of lighting, colour-causing, mechanical pest harvesting, mechanical or artificial weeding, among others。
5. 1 diseases
1. Grey disease. In the autumn, the clean-up of dead branches and infected plants was carried out in a timely manner to reduce the risk of infection; the use of phosphorus fatten was increased after the disease; the growth of seedlings was resistant to disease; and netting was carried out with attention to ventilation and moisture, which did not exceed 65 per cent of air moisture, which effectively prevented disease. 50% dyson ammonium 500 ~ 1,000 times liquid before flowering or 50% benlet humid powder 1000 times liquid spraying。
2) erosion. Cutting and burning of atrophysics and colourless branches during hibernation; cutting of diseased branches to normal areas during the summer. Spraying herbs can mitigate the effects of dry ulcer. Plant foundations are sprayed with multibacterium or methyl tobzin solutions during multiple seasons。
3) obsolete disease. In the early spring, 50% of urea is sprayed, which controls the initial stages of the fissure, and 20% of the amphibians are sprayed before flowering, which controls the 1st and 2nd infestations, with effects of more than 90%. Symphony is now the most effective microbicide against blueberries。
4) root cancer. Choose healthy seedlings and remove infected strains in a timely manner. Enhance management of water fertilizers, and be careful not to hurt roots while farming, and combat underground pests in a timely manner. Eradicating the roots of the tree and decontaminating the wounds. Rooting with 0. 2% copper sulfate or 0. 2% ~ 0. 5% agrococin, 15 d sprayed one time, 2-3 consecutive times。
5) decomposition. The source of the disease is usually the beginning of activity after the bud of the spring fruit tree, so spring is the best time to prevent the disease. Incubation is followed by the rooting of susceptible, weak and yellow seeding agents. One more root treatment in early may. The agents are virulent spirits, methadoxins, pricks, alkyl and acethophosphate。
6) storage of decomposition. (c) timely collection, avoidance of injuries, manual collection to improve the quality of the goods received and longer storage periods. The storage is preceded by disinfection and can be treated with sulfur powder to improve the storage of blueberries and to extend the storage period for conservation purposes。
7) virus disease. The transmission of viral diseases is mainly spread through aphids, foliage, bees, etc., and is a life-threatening event when strains are planted. Prevention is the best way to combat it, while insecticides are sprayed to control the spread of the virus, and smoking should be banned in facilities to prevent tobacco leaf viruses from being brought in. The best way to combat viral disease is to plant non-toxic trees and to ensure that no such virus exists at the site and adjacent gardens when the garden is chosen. Once the plant has been found to have been injured, the burning should be removed and the aphids should be strictly controlled within three years to prevent future outbreaks。
5. 2 pests
1) golden turtles and quails. Gold turtles can be booby-trapped and small amounts of gold turtles are moving on trees in the morning. Pyrethroids can also be administered in flowering, with a marked effect, every 7d。
Zirconium, which prevents, first and foremost, the use of undecompressed organic fertilizers to till land in late autumn or early winter. The pharmaceutical can be used for 50 per cent of thiophos-methyl cream from 200 to 250 g/accre, 10 times the amount of water sprayed on 25 to 30 kg fine soil to form poison soil, to open ditches at 20 cm or to root thiophos-methyl, twice a year, 1 in may and 1 in august。
2) moths of the americas. Pyrethroids were sprayed 1 per 7d。
3) aphids, lice. Treatment can be carried out with 10% aphids, 1,500 times the fluid, 50% acetylene, 50% ultra-micro-wettable powder, 2000 or 20% more than 1500 times the fluid, 50% acetone, 1000-1500 the fluid, 50% thiophosphorus, 2000 times the drug。
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