Principles for greenhouse engineering planning
1) optimizing layout and taking advantage of it. (c) leveraging regional varieties and industrial advantages to optimize regional layout. Selection of areas with better basic conditions, integration of diverse forces such as breeding, planting, equipping and management, leveraging of local resource advantages, full exploitation of the productive potential of facilities and promotion of rapid development of facilities。
2) localized and results-oriented. In accordance with the characteristics of the region's climate, resources, methods of production and tradition of farming, priority is given to the development of facilities agriculture, while priority is given to efficiency and efforts are made to improve the productive capacity of farming in an integrated manner, as well as economic, social and ecological benefits。
3) reform innovation and establish mechanisms. The objective is always to achieve rapid and better development of facilities agriculture, to address development problems through technological, managerial and institutional innovations and to accelerate the diffusion of successful innovations, promote technological upgrading and explore long-lasting mechanisms for development。
4) market orientation, government support. (c) to combine market orientation with government support in order to address the employment of farmers, promote their growth at the centre, invest in improving the quality of their scientific production, increase the content of farming technology, improve the competitiveness of their agricultural products and increase the mechanization, automation and ecology of production processes。
Total 2 plane layout
1) construction composition and layout. In addition to the greenhouse growing areas, greenhouses of a certain size must be supported by appropriate facilities to ensure normal and safe production of greenhouses. The support facilities are mainly hydro-heating facilities, control rooms, processing rooms, protection rooms, disinfection rooms, warehouses and offices. In the overall deployment, priority should be given to greenhouses in the growing areas, where they are best located, such as lighting and ventilation. Warehouses of assistive facilities, boilers, water towers, etc., should be constructed north of the greenhouses to avoid shade of the sun; chimneys should be placed below the direction of the dominant wind so that large amounts of fumes do not drift over the cover material, affecting lighting, processing, preservation rooms and warehouses. It is important to ensure linkages with growing areas and to facilitate transport。
2) spacing of greenhouses. In order to reduce land tenure and increase land-use rates, it is not appropriate to have too large a distance from each other, but it is important to ensure that, in the most unfavourable cases, the sun is kept in place. The calculation is generally based on the shadows of the front greenhouse from winter to noon, which do not affect the light of the back. The higher the latitude, the smaller the angles of the solar altitude from winter to day, the longer the shadows and the greater the distance between the back and behind. The smaller the spacing of greenhouses, in terms of increasing land use rates, the better, but in terms of ventilation and light, greenhouse space should not be too narrow. When the greenhouses use a wet curtain one-winder cooling system, the distance between the wind vents of one greenhouse and the vents of another should, in principle, be no less than 15 m in order to avoid the vents of one greenhouse entering the other; the distance of the greenhouses from the surrounding buildings or from the wind-proof forest is the standard so as not to prevent the normal winding of the wind。
3) the greenhouse location. It is also important to have a reasonable choice of the location of the greenhouse building in the overall greenhouse flat. The location of the greenhouse is usually unrelated to the greenhouse price, but it is very closely related to the light environment advantage of the greenhouse and the overall economic benefits. The so-called greenhouses are located in the direction of the greenhouses ridge, towards the south, and in the east-west。
The higher the latitudes, the greater the average daily perusal of greenhouses in the east and west, the greater the average daily perforation in the north and south. For glass greenhouses, which are mainly produced during the winter season, they are constructed at 40° n, more than 40° w; on the other hand, in regions less than 40°, they are generally constructed at the north-south level. For glass greenhouses in the north and south, in order to increase the light in the morning and to meet the requirements of plants during periods of higher light cooperation, it is proposed to shift slightly to the east by 5°-10°。
3 road pipeline layout
The construction of road and pipeline facilities is an important component of greenhouse engineering planning. The layout of the roads in the greenhouses project should take into account, in accordance with the principles of rational, efficient and economical, access to roads, structures, red lines, net width, speed of movement and mode of transportation, in accordance with the overall arrangement of specific terrain blocks and greenhouses. If the terrain is flat, rules are applied to the road systems of the centralized greenhouses, which are generally organized in a straight-line pattern, the width of the roads should allow for the smooth movement of small vehicles, generally around 3 m, and the per hour speed of the site should be kept within 20 km/h, with simple pavement on the surface; and the road systems of the greenhouses that are constructed in complex terrain and separate blocks, which can be arranged in a curved layout, with a lined layout in the middle of the blocks and the width of the roads determined according to the circumstances and needs. At the same time, the laying of pipes should be combined with the overall engineering and site road traffic design, as far as possible in the shadows and with a view to securing production, circulation and safety requirements for the number and specifications of roads, pipelines and facilities, subject to the availability of land。
