On 25 february, villagers in the village of shiodong road, guozhou city, shandong province, were driving agricultural machines to plant potatoes。
Agricultural power, land conservation. On the front line of the spring plough, the drones flying above the sky, and the beidou navigator, which runs on the ground, have become farmers' helpers. Modern agricultural machinery, which is new and well equipped and continuously optimized, provides equipment for the production of spring farming。
In the past, spring tillage was “stopping”, and now it's “stopping farm machines”. In order to optimize the support and equipment of mechanized technologies, the current edition of the production of crop-cropping and mechanization techniques, such as winter wheat, spring peanuts, spring potatoes, spring field vegetables, etc., contributed to the year-round production of abundant food oil and important agricultural products。
Winter wheat
Mechanical repression and security. On the basis of wheat strength, soil inflammation, etc., proper repression was applied to long-growing wheat fields and to the silting of wheat fields. Wheat fields generally choose to be suppressed by cylinders that match the width of the face; and wheat fields choose to be suppressed by cylinders with tractor power and cycling. Repressed wheat fields need to be repeated, and the direction of the two plumes should be the same。
Mechanical pursuit of fat. Suitable local fertilizer tools and methods should be selected. The equipment should have a good inter-walk pass-through function and the application of fertilization can be easily regulated; it may be followed by mechanical fertilisation, gutter pursuit, water fertilization integration, etc., and by drones, if necessary or required. When fertilizing mechanically, consideration should be given to vertical overlaps and changes in the pace of progress, matching the speed of progress with the application of fertilizer types. In the pursuit of a ditch, a fertilizer with a seeder type should be selected。
Disease and grass disease prevention. Blocks that are not treated with weeds in time for the winter or are poorly treated can be used for chemical weeding as early as winter wheat returns to its early start, and can be used to operate with a spray sprayer or a protection drone, so that no spray, no heavy spraying, no leaks can occur in order to prevent a medical hazard. The return of winter wheat is focused on the prevention and control of rusty disease, tattooing, etc., and scientific control can be implemented using a control strategy that combines the professional command control of drones with community management. Plantation protections should be carried out in the appropriate weather, which is inappropriate for wind above level 3, open water, before rain and at temperatures below 4°c。
Reasonable irrigation. On the basis of sapling and condensation, operations may be carried out by means of water-saving irrigation, such as permafrost or low-pressure spraying, drip irrigation and water fertilizer integration. Encourage eligible operators and regions to prioritize water-saving irrigation to avoid heavy flooding that reduces the temperature and affects plant growth。
Spring show vegetables
Stand by. Equipment such as flip plows, tillers, rollers, ditchers, etc. May be used, and priority is given to double operating equipment to improve efficiency. The pick-up (ditching) operation shall be compatible with the requirements of agronomics, with the transfer of seeding, field management, harvesting equipment, and shall select the appropriate start-up (ditching) parameters and instruments; the straightness and consistency of the operation may be ensured by such means as wiring, the placement of a central line sign on the ground or a tractor accompanied by a beidaw-aided pilot navigational function. The depth of ploughing should be not less than 25 cm, the depth of cultivation should not be less than 10 per cent, the depth of the cropping industry should be not less than 15 cm, and the rate of fragmentation should be more than 85 per cent, ensuring soil flaring. The appropriate starting range and machinery should be selected according to the vegetable variety and the spacing of its planting line, and the post-operation platinum level should not exceed 2 cm。
Mechanical live. Select varieties suitable for mechanization and mechanize seeding for seeds with surface irregularities (e. G., manning, thorns, etc.), pre-treatment such as pellets. A combination of agronomic requirements, seed quality and flexibility in the selection of strip, compactor or string-breeding operations may be appropriate to complete the seeding, earth cover, etc。
Deplanting. In accordance with the conditions of the field and the requirements of the agronomy, suitable types and models of vegetable transplantation equipment are selected, and the range, range and depth of planting are adjusted to agronomic standards prior to the operation. The success rate for seedlings/naked seedlings is 90 per cent, leakage rates 5 per cent, blanket seedlings 80 per cent and leakage rates 8 per cent。
Field management. Quantified and accurate fertilization of irrigation is carried out on the basis of soil condition and plant demand, using fixed, mobile drip irrigation, water-saving irrigation or integrated water fertilizer systems. (c) be equipped with appropriate specifications for plant-pumping machines, with a smooth pace of spraying and close adjacent travel, avoiding heavy or leaking and achieving even spraying. The chinese plant for weed-and-weed-receiving operations requires the selection of a chinese crop-and-weed-receiving machine that is appropriate to the planting distance; the plant-regulated vegetables need to be equipped for the operation。
Spring potatoes
Stand by. Repetition and reasonable rotation should be avoided. Premature, high-yielding, stable, suitable for mechanized and resistant potato varieties. (c) conducting a comprehensive overhaul, maintenance and commissioning of operating machinery, such as deep-spread machines, ploughs, tillers, fertilizers and sowing machines, to ensure that they perform well and meet the mechanized operational requirements of the potato production chain. The field is ploughed, driven, or turpentine combined operation machines are used to plough the land, at depths of not less than 25 cm, in a uniform manner, with no weight, no loss, and the surface level is then levelled. Deep pine operations should be 5 cm deeper than deep farming。
And sowing in time. The temperature of the spring-run potato is stable at 8°c-10°c, usually at the end of february-mid-march。
Seeding demands. Priority is given to multifunctional double-sowning machines, which will improve the efficiency and quality of operations through the completion of multiple operations, such as the opening of trenches, fertilization, seeding, land cover and suppression. A tractor kit with a beidou navigational assistive driving system is available to improve operational accuracy and evenness of walking distance. When the size of the plot is large, the medium-sized seeding machine may be selected in rows 2 to 4 and above; the small plot may be selected for the small seeding machine. Potato seeding is in the form of plastering, usually at depths of 8 to 15 centimetres, 20 to 25 centimetres above, 75 to 80 centimetres within a single line and 90 centimetres to 110 centimetres within a large line. Mechanized seeding should meet the following requirements: 80 per cent of the depth of cultivation, 10 per cent of the leakage index and 20 per cent of the heavy seed index. In the case of such seeding, drip irrigation belts can be laid simultaneously。
Spring peanuts
Stand by. Pre-winter deep tillage of the soil, or deep and loose plots, should be preceded by the selection of a tiller or power-driven dredge, based on winter tillage, to ensure that the surface of the soil is thin and thin, flat and solid. Non-cultivated land parcels before winter, early spring and timely tillage, planting along the line, sowing pre-cropping or using power-driven dredging. Active demonstration of the promotion of pine ploughing techniques, which are carried out in alternate years, with pine ploughing followed by deep ploughing at about 25 cm to break down the plough, increase the living layer and build a rational layer. For shallow plots of the earth, the depth of the tillage can be increased year by year。
And sowing in time. The suitable season for spring peanuts is 5 centimetres below the surface of the earth, with a continuous temperature of more than 12°c. Large peanuts and high-oiled peanuts should be increased by 3°c-6°c. Peanut sowing plots of soil water divided into 70% - 75% of maximum water holding
When you're going to rob the seed. When there is a lack of affection, water should be poured into the air in time to ensure proper soil。
Seeding demands. The suitable areas are given preference for sowing machines capable of performing the functions of pick-up, seeding, fertilization, spraying, covering, covering and so forth. Large-scale production organizations may choose a four-wheel tractor planter, and small-scale production organizations may choose a hand-carryer planter, which should match the size of the plot, the size of the machine, the size of the plant, and the planting pattern. Within a given region, it is advisable to promote standardized and standardized operations, especially plots using a peanut harvester when harvesting, using a one-size-fits-all planting model. At a distance of about 80 centimetres, 10 centimetres high - 12 centimetres high, 50 centimetres wide - 55 centimetres wide and 28 centimetres wide. The flood-prone areas have increased appropriately. The volume of acres should be reasonably determined on the basis of the level of ground power, production target, variety characteristics. Large peanut plumes are broadcast, with an average acreage of 8,500-9500, and single granite acreage of 14,000- 15,000. Seed depth 3 cm-5 cm. One centimeter to two centimetres on the broadcast film, followed by repression. During seeding, the application of fertilizers and herbicides should be synchronized, the application quantity should be determined in accordance with agronomic requirements, the equipment adjusted to be debugged, the test broadcast operation should be performed to determine the appropriate operational velocity, subject to meeting operational quality requirements。
(the manuscripts were collated by the journal of agricultural science and technology, china agricultural science news network, zhang xianhui, the xinhua network, shandong province agricultural rural department website, rural popular, etc.)
