According to weather sector projections, as a result of the transition from el niño to la niña in the equatorial middle east pacific ocean, the overall climate situation in the country this summer is biased, the eastern monsoon region is characterized by large precipitation, regional and phased flooding is evident, extreme weather events are numerous and extreme strong precipitation is more likely to occur locally. In order to effectively prevent and mitigate the adverse effects of extreme weather on vegetable production, to improve the targeting and technical level of summer vegetable production and to promote the steady production of vegetables, the department of cultivation management of the ministry of agriculture and rural development, together with the national centre for agricultural technology promotion and extension, the ministry of agriculture and rural development's expert group on vegetables, and the national system of technology for large vegetable industries, produced technical guidance on vegetable production in the summer of 2024。
Management of field vegetable production
At present, the field vegetables are dominated by cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, beans, beans and cross-flower vegetables such as cabbage and vegetables。
(i) vegetable fruit and vegetables
Plantation management. In the case of melons, eggplants and pulses, which need to be planted, there will be an early start in the field, which will be filled with whole branches, rinsing and heart-picking, which will increase ventilation. Cleaning of vegetable gardens in a timely manner, strengthening of vegetable shelves, removal of residual fruit, planting of roots in a timely manner and enhancing resilience. In areas of higher light intensity, the prevention of solar fever such as tomatoes and peppers can be achieved by keeping a certain number of leaves on the top of the fruit to avoid the tan。
2. Fertilizer management. Vegetables, such as tomatoes and cucumbers, control the water in a moderate manner during the first bouquet, so as to plant them on the ground, so as to promote sit-ins. At the time of product formation, management of hydro-fertilizers is based on a small number of principles, recommending the use of integrated hydro-fertilizer techniques. Vegetables such as melons, eggplant nuts and pulses should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; in critical periods of production, the plant may be used for leaf-based fertilizer based on plant longness, which can be used to prevent early plant decay by using a combination of 0. 3-0. 5 per cent potassium phosphate and 0. 3 per cent urea-based or amino acid-based leaf-based leaf-based fertilizer, which can be sprayed once over a period of 7-10 days and two-3 times. Watering during high summer temperatures should be selected before 10 a. M. And after 16 p. M. In the event of continued high-temperature drought, irrigation should be irrigated and soil moist in due course, with heavy rainfall followed by the timely discharge of ditches and shorter periods of flooding of vegetables。
3. Combat pests and diseases. In the summer, vegetables are prone to diseases such as disease, anthrax, root decay, deadness, frost, powdery diseases and infestation such as tobacco lice, soybeans, moths, slashed night moths and peaches. High-temperature, high-humid weather can be used to spray 1 to 2 times a polybacterium or a wide spectrum of microbicides, such as methyl tobuzin, to prevent disease. (b) the timely removal of weeds in and around vegetable fields, the reduction of pest host populations and the reduction of the incidence of diseases。
(ii) vegetables
The following is the main focus of the intensive, short-lived, live-reading vegetables. The first is to select, to the extent possible, land that is dry, fertile, easy to water and well drained. Second, preference is given to high-temperature, drought- and flood-resistant varieties. Third, the use of high-strength cultivation to improve ventilation and reduce water accumulation in the fields. Four are floating cover using light-covered materials such as black sunnets with about 60 per cent shire, thin swipes, which reduce the temperature of the ground, maintain soil moisture and promote the clean-up of seedlings after seeding; and full-child-bearing floating of green vegetables such as cabbage, vegetable hearts, etc., which cover 40 worm nets to reduce pesticide use and ensure quality safety。
For long-term and longer-term cross-facing, such as kale, vegetable flowers, cabbage, etc., water-saving techniques such as spray irrigation, gutter irrigation, membrane gutter irrigation, etc. Can be used for management of water fertilizers; fertilizing is mainly nitrogen-based and is applied in a manner that is insensitive. Pest and pest control can be used in the field to install green prevention and control techniques, such as insecticidal lamps, black light lamps, informational traps and jamming drifts, to combat the disease in a timely manner, to promote the substitution of two to three pharmaceutical formulations and to strictly enforce safe intervals for the use of pesticides, and to ensure the safety of vegetables through the administration of multiple harvests. Timely attention is paid to weather forecasting, and before catastrophic weather events such as typhoons, hails and heavy rainfall, harvests of vegetables that meet the harvest criteria are taken to reduce disaster weather losses。
(iii) high mountain vegetables
The summer high-altitude areas are dominated by the planting of cold radish, kale and cabbage, while the medium-high-altitude areas are dominated by the cultivation of hot peppers, tomatoes and four-season beans. High-mountain vegetables are grown on slopes, and increased rainfall during the summer is prone to fertilization and pests, and management needs to be strengthened。
1. Scientificly scheduled transmission periods and varieties. Hot vegetables, such as tomatoes, peppers and four-season beans, are suitable for cultivation at medium-to-high altitudes of 800-1400 metres, and chilly vegetables, such as carrots, cabbage and kale, are suitable for cultivation at altitudes above 1,200 metres. In may-june, the high-altitude areas were in a low-temperature, long-spanning season, easy to reach the low-temperature spring conditions of cross-facing vegetable crops, so that late-smoking varieties should be selected and suitable for broadcasting. High mountain elevations with high temperatures and high uv light and long distances in the transport of products are suitable for selection of species that are resistant to disease, good commodity-like and resistant to transport。
2. Key technical measures for the management of cross-flower vegetables. The first is to combat corrosive vegetable swollenness. Crusts and non-crust vegetable rotations should be used. Soil disinfection, organic fertilisation, acid supplementation, increased crop resistance, timely extraction of strains, timely distribution of lime in the pits, centralized burning of strains and reduction of re-infection of pathogens. The second is to combat underground pests. In the case of ground pests, lime nitrogen or ash has been sterilized over the first 20 days of seeding, with thin membrane covering the face of the platinum for 10 days and then drying up. (c) improve the culture environment by strengthening the management of humidity and moisture. After the harvest of vegetables, sick leaves and weeds are cleaned up in a timely manner and concentrated on the field for platinum treatment or non-hazardous return treatment to reduce the source. Reduction of insect infestation and spawning through insecticidal lamps, yellowboard booby traps。
3. Key technical measures to stabilize the production of eggplant vegetables. High-altitude rainfall and the high incidence of rain-borne diseases, such as late disease, lead to soil acidification and defertilization as a result of slope solubility. Vegetables such as high-mountain tomatoes and peppers should be developed using rain-shield farming techniques, with simple steel-mounted sheds, thin film on top, and a four-walled pest-proof net to achieve rain-proof insects; calcium tuning to improve soil fertility by increasing functional organic fertilizer with a useful herbivorous population; and water catchments supported by sub-film drip irrigation techniques。
4. Summer disaster prevention. High-altitude areas are prone to high-flow weather, with a focus on protection against sudden-onset hail hazards, and should be pre-positioned with support racks in high-prevalence areas, with hail-proof nets in case of early warning; in case of short-duration weather events such as wind and typhoons, with early reinforcement of facilities to press membrane lines to prevent large-wind tectonics; and, to the extent possible, the use of deep-davine high-planting models to facilitate drainage。
Plant vegetable production management
(i) vegetable management in the field
Environmental management. The focus of environmental regulation of vegetables in the summer is ventilation. At high summer temperatures, all vents at the top of the greenhouses and the sheds were opened, and 40 worm nets were installed at the vents to reduce the temperature and humidity of the sheds. When using shade cooling, shade cooling is carried out outside greenhouses, large roofs, covered with suitable shaded black sunnets, spray-covered sun coatings, etc., in accordance with the requirements of cropping for light intensity and management costs; increased exposure to sunscreens, where vegetable vegetables generally cool from 10 a. M. To 16 p. M. On sundays and open sunscreens early in the morning and evenings; and full-day shade management of cabbage vegetables, which open the sunnet three to five days before the market, increase light and improve the nutritional quality and commodity properties of vegetables. For greenhouses and huts equipped with spray facilities, cooling can be initiated before 11 a. M. And stopped around 3 p. M. The plastic sheds in areas with high summer temperatures and heavy rainfall can be covered by the “two-net membrane” of the caps + sunnet + surrounding the anti-worm network for rain relief and pest prevention. Close attention is paid to weather changes, such as incongruent weather, pre-emption, reinforcement of sheds, closing of all vents, tightening of sunnets and cooling at the end of the current。
Plantation management. The focus of vegetable management is on balancing sorghum relations, timely twig, binding of chickens, removal of yellow and sick leaves from the central and lower parts of the plant, timely removal of vertebrates and sprouts, etc., and maintenance of an appropriate area index of leaves, which promotes ventilation and balanced growth of the plant. Remove deformities and increase commerciality. Pollows such as high-temperature tomatoes are less dynamic and difficult to sit on, and plant growth regulators can be used rationally to keep the fruits。
3. Fertilizer management. For vegetable fruit and vegetables at the end of the outcome or harvest period, high-temperature water fertilizer is supplied in accordance with the principle of a small number of times, maintaining soil moisture and fertilizer concentrations and promoting root system growth. Fertilizing is done in accordance with the principles of nitrogen-added potassium and manure in a timely manner to increase the median nutrients such as boron, magnesium, calcium, boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum and selenium. Summer watering times may be chosen in the early morning, preferably with well water or low-temperature river water to reduce soil temperature; for vegetables with relatively weak root systems or plants with a relatively high burden of fruit, amino acid, corrodic acid-like water soluble to promote root-line growth or combined leaf-face fattening to promote nutrient growth。
