The date tree is an adaptive, manageable fruit tree, and the following are methods and techniques for its cultivation:
Park selection
The date trees do not have strict requirements for soil, but are suitable for deep, fertile and well-drained soil. At the same time, date-palm trees are more radiant and should choose well-lighted and well-ventilated plots for their construction。
Varieties selection
Appropriate varieties are selected according to local climate, soil conditions and market demand. For example, in the north, cold-resistant varieties such as dates of winter and golden date may be chosen, and in the south, more wet-resistant varieties such as pear dates may be chosen。
Tree selection
High-quality trees with pure, well-developed roots, strong, disease-free species. The height of the seed shall be 1 m or more and the diameter shall be 1 cm or more。
Plantation time
The planting time for dates is generally divided into spring and autumn planting. The spring planting takes place before the date seeding, mostly in the northern region between late march and mid-april; the autumn planting takes place after the date leaves have fallen and before the soil has been frozen, with due delay in the southern region。
Methods of cultivation
Digging caves: the size of the caves is typically 80 cm x 80 cm x 80 cm, and topsoil and subsoil are stacked separately。
(b) base fertiliser: 20 - 30 cm thick straw or weed at the bottom of the plant, then mixed the topsoil with organic fertilizers into the den, where organic fertilisation is applied 20 - 30 kg, calcium perphosphate 0. 5 - 1 kg。
Plantation: put the tree into the tree, stretch the roots and then fill it with ground water. The depth of cultivation is slightly higher than on the ground。
Land-based water management
Soil management: regular planting of orchards for weeding, soil laxation and reduced competition of weeds for nutrients. After the harvest of the fall fruit, deep flipping in conjunction with the application of the base fertilizer with depths of 20-30 cm to improve soil structure
Base fertilizers: mainly organic fertilizers, applied after harvest of fall fruit and before leaves fall, usually 30 - 50 kg organic fertilisers, 1 - 2 kg per per per phosphate。
(b) fertilizer pursuit: the pursuit is based on the growth phase of the date tree. Before budding, urea was 0. 5 - 1 kg per urea to promote date tree budding, leaf stretching and new growth; diammonium phosphate was applied 0. 5 - 1 kg per phosphate during the flowering period, and 0. 3 - 0. 5% per cent per radon solution was sprayed in order to increase the sitting rate; and during the expansion period, potassium sulphate was applied in combination to 0. 5 - 1 kg to promote the expansion of the fruit。
Water management: the date tree, although drought resistant, also needs sufficient moisture during its growth and development. The water is usually poured once before the bud, during the flower season, during the boom and before the freeze. At the same time, attention should be paid to the drainage of orchards and to avoiding the accumulation of water leading to the decay of roots。
Integrative trim
Tree selection: trees that are commonly used in date-palm trees are the main dry-drive, happy and hammer shapes. The main stem shrunk shape is applied to more dry and tree-like varieties; the happy shape is applied to less dry and medium-sized varieties; and the hammer shape is applied to dense orchards。
Cutting period: the dates are trimmed in winter and summer. (b) the winter cut is usually done after the date leaves have fallen to pre-emergence, mainly by adjusting the structure of the tree and removing the branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, disease branches, etc.
Quarterly cut-offs are usually carried out during the date-growing season, mainly through the control of branch growth, the improvement of ventilation and the improvement of the seating rate, through such measures as graft, sprouts and stretches。
Pest control
Disease prevention and treatment: the diseases common to date trees include date rust, date curvature, date madness, etc. The prevention of date rust can be applied at the beginning of the onset of the disease by 15 per cent of the dusting of a thousand times the vermin or 70 per cent of the methyl tobuzin 800 times the fluid; the prevention of date epidemiology can be used by 72 per cent of the agro-chain licin or 50 per cent of the polybacterium 600 times the fluid; and the prevention of date madness should eliminate the strain in time to prevent the infection。
Pest control: the most common pests in date trees are date-footing, date-taped worms, peach-eating heartworms, red spiders, etc. The anti-polymphosphate can be sprayed 2. 5% during larvae incubation of larvae 3000 or 50% thiophos-1,000; the anti-polymers can be baited with glucose during insect plume; the anti-polymphosphate can be sprayed 50% on the ground during larvae outage of the larvae 300 velvet, 20% vinyl vinyl ester 3000 times fluid during larvae spawning and larvae hatching of the larvae; and the anti-red spider can be sprayed 1. 8% avibactrin 3000 times liquid or 20% thiocarpt humid powder 2000。
These are the basic methods and techniques of date-planting, which need to be applied flexibly during the actual planting process, in accordance with local realities, to ensure that date-tree production is high and steady。
