Technical guidelines for efficient grazing of grass in mountain plantations
Zhongmei and others
As a result of its development over the past 10 years, the banana industry has become a major source of income and income for the population in the low-heat valley of the tangheng district of guizhou province, where it has played an important role. Banana cultivation in the canton is based on steep slopes of more than 45°, with little protection of water, fattening, lack of water in the banana growing process, malnutrition and high productivity; and high risk of landslides and mudslides, with significant safety risks. The technologists of the canton of cham have summarized the techniques used to plant long-lived herbs to protect the soil, thereby contributing to the high quality of the banana industry and expanding the channels of revenue generation, as described below。
1 grassland cultivation conditions
Herbs grow at a temperature of 15-30°c and an average annual temperature of 19. 2°c in the county of chamheng county, especially suitable for grazing。
A moderate water supply can facilitate the absorption of nutrients and photocooperative uses of pastures. An annual average of more than 1450 mm of precipitation and 345 days of frost-free season in the canton is sufficient to meet the water needs of different types of pasture. Soil grasses require 6. 0 ~ 7. 0 for soil ph, and the average soil in the area of pochen county is 6. 5 ph to meet pasture needs. The pastures require water, but they are not excessive. They must be drained and drained to prevent root causes。
Air quality. Herbs require fresh air for light co-operation. Contaminants, harmful gases and soot, among others, have a greater impact on herb growth, so that pastures are grown far from industrial mines and waste dumps. It covers more than 70 per cent of the land and is a large agricultural county with little industrial or mining land and is able to cope well with pasture growth。
Adequate light is the basis for the photosynthesis of pastures, and insufficient light affects the rate, yield and quality of pasture growth. For a period of more than 345 days, the canton can meet the light demand for pasture growth。
2 grass growing techniques
Cleaning up of landscape blocks, etc., deeping up more than 30 cm, evaporating more than 2,000 kg of fertilized farm or organic fertilizer and 20 kg of compound fat, thereby meeting the nutrient demand for pasture growth. The species are selected according to animal breeding and local climatic conditions, and the range of herbs suitable for spring planting in the canton of mono-hung is the royal bamboo grass, sweet ivory grass, sugar cane three and mexican corngrass。
Seeding seed grass is done in a way that is broadcast, sowing and on-demand. The distance of around 20 cm between the broadcasts facilitates the management of field production such as weeding and fertilization. Once the land has been levelled, the grass seeds are spread evenly on the surface, and then the soil is covered. The disadvantage of spreading is that the seedlings are inadequate and uneven. The on-demand is suitable for slope planting, and when a small pit is struck with a hoe at a certain distance, it is then planted in the small pit. On-demanding has the advantage of saving seeds and facilitating management. Roots and tubers, with an average daily temperature of 20°c or more, can be grown directly at a distance of 30 cm by 30 cm; average daily temperatures below 20°c are recommended for replanting by a small archer. At the same time, the stalks are yellow, the sprouts are yellow, and one hour of sterilisation with 1% of raw lime or grassy ash water。
The planting of seedlings should avoid the drying of the surface, especially during the dry season, where seeds are soaked and drought prone that irrigation keeps the bed surface wet. As a result of the injuries caused to the seedlings at the time of planting and the imbalance in the water supply within the trees, water supply needs to be increased and should be kept wet after separation and transplantation. (b) after 40 days of growth or more, the seedling plant is grown, and in order for the plant to grow more vegetated, the seedling plant is cut up, and the seedling plant is cut up, with the first fertilized, on the basis of potassium + nitrogen, and 5 kg per 667 m2 potassium fat, 10 kg urea, and about 10 kg per urea at the end of each cut。
Major diseases control are high temperature and humidity in the summer, and are prone to brunettes, corona rust, daisy curry, rhesus, platinum. Chromatic disease control can be based on 70 per cent of the 600 times the dose of dyson manganese zinc, 75 per cent on the 600-800-fold the fluid, 50 per cent on the 50 per cent more fungible humid powder 1,000-1,500 times the fluid, coronoma control can be based on 25 per cent of the substance tricedone or 25 per cent on the hydrol humid powder, pyrenic core disease control can be based on 500-fold of the polybactrin or 500-fold of dyson manganese zinc, and lechromic disease control can be based on the application of 1,000-1,500-fold of the multibacterium humid powder, 5 per cent of the towing powderable powder 1000-1,500-fold of the fluid, and platinumic powder control can be based on 2. 5 kg per 667 m2 of sulfur powder, or on the application of 800-1,000-fold liquid and 70 per cent of the methyl tonic powder spray。
3. The role of growing perennial pastures
Because of the development of root systems, growing fast, soil organicity can be increased and soil physical structures improved. The increased ground cover of slope cultivation, the reduction of direct rain-to-spreading of the slopes and the reinforcement of the grasslands by the soil bonding on the slopes prevent the slopes from collapse, preserve the soil and effectively prevent soil erosion, thereby reducing soil erosion and mudflows and increasing the resilience of mountain bananas to natural disasters. As banana cultivation is located in low-hot valley areas, with high temperatures, heavy rainfall during the rainy season and heavy rainfall, it is likely to cause soil erosion from new upland orchards, especially on the slopes that are prone to collapse, the choice of hot and fast-growing soybean pastures, the planting of small seedlings on the slopes following the first rain at a distance of 50 cm x 50 cm, the application of a suitable combination of fertilizers to supplement the previous period, and the promotion of small seedling growth; and, in about three months, the range of pastures can largely cover the slopes, mitigate the impact of the rain and effectively prevent the erosion of the soil on the slopes, with the effect of solid soil. Growing grass over the years is less demanding for growing and growing environments, where good management of fat water allows for healthy growth and provides for feed for livestock breeding; pasture seeds are at a price of $4-5/kg, and planting is simple, preventing soil erosion from mountain banana plantations and mudflows from occurring, while also expanding revenue channels。
Weeds can grow roots, roots, nitrogen-fixing, and fertility. Prior to banana cultivation, the application of herbs in the form of base fertilizers into the farming layer can rapidly create suitable cropping layers and increase banana production to an average of more than 2000 kg at 667 m2. On-site measurements by technical teams revealed that 1750 kg/667 m2 of grass had been harvested; the local wholesale price for herbivores in the canton is currently 400 yuan/t, saving farmers $700 and $667 m2 or more to raise forage。
Summary
The following methods are used to plant perennial pastures on the slopes of the mountain plantations: appropriate pine soil for planting areas, organic fertilisation of soil, resulting in soil ph values of 6. 5 to 7. 0; choice of bean herbs, with a distance of 50 cm x 50 cm; strengthening of field management, appropriate nutrient supplementation, promotion of fast-growing pastures, increased ground cover and reduction of the direct wash of rain on the slopes. This method can gradually increase soil fertility, and the grasslands strengthen the slope soils, with the effect of maintaining soil and water. Cultivation also inhibits the growth of other weeds, and can also be used as feed for farming, increasing the combined benefits of quail gardens。
