Expert guidance for small grain beans, ministry of agriculture and rural group
National agricultural technology extension service
Grain is an important food crop in the country and is divided into three main production areas: the north-east spring valley, the north-west spring valley and the north china summer valley. In recent years, new varieties of good quality, herbicides, mid-drystals and cereals suitable for mechanized harvesting have been promoted, and new technologies such as mechanized membrane sowing, permeation, precision sowing and light-simplified cultivation have been applied, contributing to the development of cereal production. In order to improve the scientific and technological level of grain production, the ministry of agriculture and rural development, in collaboration with the national centre for the promotion of agricultural technology, has developed technical guidance on cereal production for 2019。
I. North-eastern spring region
The district includes liaoning, jilin, heilong river and the eastern part of inner mongolia, with a high degree of size and mechanization。
(i) selection of excellent varieties
Good varieties of high-quality, high-yielding, invertebrate, drought-resistant, disease-resistant and herbicides suitable for local cultivation are generally chosen, balancing market demand with mechanized production requirements and avoiding blind seeding。
(ii) selection of appropriate planting technology models
Production models, such as machine + machine + combine harvester, machine + machine + machine + sun + projector, can be used in cold and arid areas with short periods of frost, with a combination of membrane sowing machines, and with a combination of hydrogenic techniques, such as drip irrigation, spraying, etc。
(iii) fertilizing the whole area
Grain seeds are small, and precision is promoted in order to generate whole seedlings. In autumn, the land was made to fall, and it was swung, ragged and suppressed. The application of bottom fertilizers, which are generally based on farm or organic fertilizers, may also be replaced by composite fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate, which are suitable for acre application of 8-10 kg of pure nitrogen and around 8 kg of phosphorus pentaoxide. Well-intentioned plots can be planted with no cultivation, and poorly-intentioned plots can be sowed in the rain, or combined with the water of the bottom。
(iv) cultivation due
Short-term areas such as the heilong river generally started planting around 20 april, while areas such as liaoning, jilin and eastern inner mongolia generally started planting between early may and 20 may, not later than the end of may. Areas with relatively good rainfall and heat can be fielded using grain strips, with a general distance of about 50 cm, to facilitate the operation of farming machines。
(v) reasonable secrecy
In general, 30,000-40,000 acre seedlings are seeded in fine amounts of 0. 2-0. 35 kg, after which seedlings are not required; in cases where seeding is not possible, artificial seedlings or chemical seedlings are used to ensure a reasonable group at 0. 5-1. 0 kg。
(vi) field management
1. Weeding between seedlings. Quantified seeding plots can simplify seedlings or seedlings, and anti-herbicide varieties use herbicide inter-saplings and weedings for 6-15 days after seeding. The general soil closed herbicide is sprayed after seeding, before seeding, as described in the instructions, and the membrane side planting is halved to the extent that herbicide is used, and the full membrane cover is generally free of herbicides。
2. Fertilizer water management. The membrane-covered plot shall be applied to the bottom, with an acre mass of 40-50 kg of slow-release formulation or 50-60 kg of potassium nitrogen phosphorus compound fertilizer, and with an increase in the number of farm fats of 3 or 300-500 kg of bioorganic fertilizer in the condition area. The field cultivation can reduce base fat, where appropriate, and can be combined with the planting of 10 kg of urea in acre before the valley is sealed, and 10 kg of urea in acreage and potassium fertilizer in the medium term. The valleys are drought-resistant and run out of water in time for heavy rains; when rainfall is low, water can be poured one or two times in the ears of pregnancy and during the slurry of flowers。
3. Disease control. Pre-planting is mixed to prevent the occurrence of diseases, and field strains are cleared in a timely manner over a period of time。
4. Periodic harvest. Ninety-five per cent of grains are harvested in time to avoid deterioration in quality, fallout and seeding in rain. The plains can be harvested by cutting-stream joint harvesters; hilly mountains can be covered by multifunctional sun-cutting and grain-deprising machines. The amount of water contained in seed grains after harvest is typically 20-30 per cent, and the amount of water contained in seed grains should be reduced to less than 13 per cent by drying or drying in time。
Ii. Northwestern spring region
This distinguishes between pre- and mid- and late-finished areas, and is more extensive. The pre-cooked areas include the central and southern parts of inner mongolia, the central south-west of the hill, shaanxiyan, the south-eastern part of gansu and hebei hyde。
(i) selection of excellent varieties
The selection of varieties is based on the north-east spring valley region。
(ii) selection of appropriate planting technology models
Optimal + machine-destination + membrane cover + suncutters + disembowelers can be used in the production mode, using micro-drives or full membrane cover to promote membrane-sowning integrated machines, and in areas where conditions exist, combined with spraying, drip irrigation, etc。
(iii) fertilizing the whole area
The previous autumn, when the harvest was followed by a plow, the following spring, in combination with fertilizing, re-ploughing, drowsing, and repression, made the land fall apart. Better soiled plots can be planted free of cropping for the benefit of conservation, while less developed plots can be prepared for planting in the rain. Fertilization in drylands promotes the re-application of bottom fertility, mainly by farming households and organic fertilizers, with minimal pursuit of fertility. Combination fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate can be applied when there is no agricultural and organic fertilizer, with acres applying 8-10 kg of pure nitrogen and approximately 8 kg of phosphorus pentaoxide。
(iv) cultivation due
The suitable season in the district usually runs from late april to mid-may and should be combined with actual planting. The usual pre-literate areas were seeded from late april to early may, and the mid-later areas from early may to mid-may. Areas with better rainfall and heat can be fielded using a radio with a distance of approximately 50 cm to facilitate the operation of the farming machinery。
(v) reasonable secrecy
The area is suitable for 30,000-40,000 acre seedlings, the conventional valleys are suitable for 25-30,000 and the hybrid valleys are suitable for 12-5,000. The normal acreage is 0. 5-0. 75 kg at the time of regular seeding, which is followed by a combination of artificial seedlings in the medium to ensure suitable seed density, and the choice is made to sow with a precision seeding machine, which is 0. 25-0. 40 kg at the normal acreage level, after which no seedling is used。
(vi) field management
Reference is made to field management in the north-east spring valley。
Iii. North china summer region
The northern and southern parts of the north of the river, the shandong and henan provinces are the main areas of the northern and southern parts of the valleys, which are broadcast mainly in the summer after the harvest, and in a small part in the spring。
(i) selection of excellent varieties
High-quality, high-yielding, herbicide-resistant, mid-dwarf varieties suitable for industrial development may be selected。
(ii) whole fertilization
Wheat is collected as low as possible and the straw packs are taken away, and it is used to sow a fertilizer that is used directly to avoid planting. In the case of high fields left with barley, the extinguisher should be used more than two times before planting them all. In the spring, full-scale fertilization can be found in the north-east spring valley。
(iii) cultivation due
It would not be too early for the proper period between early june and the end of june, so as to avoid exacerbating the effects of the virus。
(iv) reasonable secrecy
Acres of 40,000 to 50,000. The distribution and seeding methods are based on the north-east spring valley region。
(v) field management
Reference is made to field management in the north-east spring valley。
