To further improve the efficiency of the green low-carbon transformation of future pollution enterprises, a number of policy responses are proposed to identify the focus and direction of future green low-carbon transformations of highly polluting enterprises, identify the priorities of relevant enterprises and provide reference advice to relevant government departments. The relevant policy recommendations need to focus on three points: first, avoiding “carb-mitigating” and the green low-carbon transformation of highly polluting enterprises, which needs to be gradual and not short-lived, and focusing on avoiding the risk of chain disruptions and eco-environmental protection caused by “carb-mitigating”; secondly, balancing the difference in the cost of transformation between east and west, where the cost of green low-carbon transformation for highly polluting enterprises in different regions is large, and providing the impetus for the green low-carbon transformation of highly polluting enterprises in the mid-western and central regions to avoid the high cost difference between east and west; and thirdly, preventing the impact of green trade barriers on exports of highly polluting enterprises。
I. Improving policy systems and enhancing policy synergies
1. Strengthening policy top-level design
Local governments should plan for integrated planning and integration of environmental, industrial, energy and other policies from the top of the national green transformation development strategy, and should plan for the creation of a dedicated policy coordination body responsible for coordinating the formulation and implementation of policies across sectors to ensure consistency of policy objectives and synergy of measures to achieve the desired policy objectives and transformational effects. For example, in formulating industrial policies, full consideration should be given to environmental requirements, giving industrial support to highly polluting enterprises that have achieved significant green low-carbon transformations, such as prioritizing projects, providing land resources, and so on; giving recognition and financial incentives to the types of highly polluting enterprises that have achieved their assigned tasks and objectives; and, in energy policies, increasing support for clean energy to provide energy security for the green low-carbon transformation of enterprises。
For different types of heavy-polluting enterprises, a differentiated policy framework should be constructed, a transformation road map should be developed for key industries such as steel, chemicals and building materials, and based on current provincial emission intensity reduction targets and technical adaptation standards. For example, in henan province, the carbon emission reduction policy of the heavy-contaminated enterprise could be combined with the yellow river basin ecological conservation strategy, piloting the “return to park + green province” policy at the old industrial base in loyang, and providing preferential support for land replacements, tax and tax exemptions for enterprises that have moved as required by the policy. (c) continue to promote green supply chain finance and encourage financial institutions to develop products such as carbon-emission pledge financing, green bonds and, to a limited extent, to pilot carbon-scoring linkages with financial subsidies and credit. It is proposed to establish a national green low-carbon technology cut-off scheme focusing on cutting-edge technologies such as carbon capture storage and zero-carbon processes; increase the deduction rate for enterprise r & d costs to 120 per cent; and establish a mechanism for sharing the benefits of the conversion of low-carbon emission reduction technologies from highly polluting enterprises. Establish an `environmental credit + energy efficiency leaders' evaluation system to evaluate the effect of green low-carbon emission reductions in highly polluting enterprises at a stage level, leading downstream enterprises to prioritize the procurement of green low-carbon products. Strengthen environmental risk assessment in the green low-carbon transformation of highly polluting enterprises and establish contingency plans to avoid adverse consequences of environmental risks。
2. Detailed policy implementation rules
For policies such as carbon taxes, subsidies and so forth, detailed and clear implementation rules must be developed, a mechanism for dynamic adjustment of carbon tax rates must be defined, differentiated rates must be determined on the basis of factors such as the intensity of carbon emissions from highly polluting enterprises, industry characteristics, etc.; and the scope of carbon tax collection must be clearly defined to avoid unnecessary controversy on the part of heavily polluting enterprises due to policy ambiguity or ambiguity. In the area of subsidy policies, strict subsidy application criteria and clearance processes have been established to improve the efficiency of subsidy funds by providing precision subsidies to highly polluting enterprises that adopt advanced environmentally sound technologies and build low-carbon facilities。
For the six high-energy industries of steel, chemicals and construction materials, the criteria for a phased reduction in carbon emission intensity have been developed, a negative list of industrial technological transformations has been established, a three-year programme of action has been introduced to encourage heavy pollution enterprises to submit energy restructuring and upgrading production and manufacturing processes, and a “one-size-fits-all” programme has been piloted in local municipal industrial parks. There is an urgent need to put in place a process-wide regulatory system that incorporates carbon valuation of heavy-contaminated enterprises into pre-evaluating conditions, progressively implementing dynamic monitoring of carbon-emission detection; transforming the service chain of innovation in green manufacturing technologies in highly polluting enterprises; and addressing environmental risk prevention by working to establish cross-regional carbon-trading compensation mechanisms, developing policy calculators in parallel, conducting quarterly assessments of the impact of carbon emission reductions, strengthening the effectiveness of policy implementation and ensuring that the green low-carbon transformation targets of highly polluting enterprises are quantifiable and tested。
Ii. Increased investment in technological innovation and professional development
1. Support for research and development of key technologies
Local governments with a concentration of highly polluting enterprises should set up special research funds to increase their investment in research and development of key technologies such as ccs and hydrogen metallurgy. (c) encourage universities, research institutions and heavy-polluting enterprises to undertake joint technical campaigns and provide financial incentives for projects that have achieved major technological breakthroughs. For example, scientific teams that have succeeded in reducing catch costs and improving transport and storage safety in the research and development of ccs technology have been given high scientific incentives and promoted the demonstration of their technological achievements or cases of innovation in highly polluting enterprises; at the same time, international technology exchanges and cooperation have been stepped up to introduce advanced green, low-carbon technologies from abroad, steadily promoting the upgrading of domestic technology and increasing the use of new technologies at various production stages of highly polluting enterprises。
In order to sustain support for research and development of key technologies for heavy-polluting enterprises in the new stage of development, a four-pronged system of “finance+ platform+brain+ conversion” is needed; funding is provided through the establishment of a national, departmental and departmental green technology innovation fund for technologies such as ccs, zero carbon processes, and hydrogen-capable steel, which are urgently needed; building green manufacturing innovation centres in industrial clusters located in henan province, such as the central college of science and technology, is based on regular publication of the results of research and development on carbon emission reduction technology dynamic, with additional dedicated access funds for relevant areas where development is lagging, and exploring “technology+-industry+capitalization” models for green-carbon reduction in heavily polluting enterprises; the establishment of carbon management specializations in high-school schools in the municipalities where the heavy-polluting enterprises are located through school cooperation, to develop the composite skills needed for the targeting of pollution enterprises; and the publication of periodic assessments of developments in carbon emission reduction technologies, with a view to providing a zero incentive for green low-carbon transformation。
2. Strengthening skills development and introduction
Higher education institutions should interface with highly polluting enterprises, optimize their professional set-up through consultation, increase the number of students enrolled in relevant professions such as environmental protection, new energy sources and low-carbon technologies, strengthen the practice teaching chain, and develop complex talent adapted to the green low-carbon transformation needs of highly polluting enterprises. Heavy-polluting enterprises should strengthen their cooperation with local higher education institutions to establish training bases for talent and pre-position high-quality talent. At the same time, in order to attract talented people to serve, local governments should develop attractive talent policies that bring in highly skilled talent from within and outside the country and provide a good working environment, career development space and pay. For example, luoyang has been advised to provide housing subsidies for imported skilled personnel, start-up funds for scientific research, etc., and to implement the rivero green wise project, which provides a high level of family support to military recruits in the fields of imported ccs, hydrogen and steel, provides more than $1 million in start-up funding for scientific research, and provides green access to high-level talent housing, school enrolment for children, etc., to address the concerns of the brain。
Iii. Fostering market demand and improving market mechanisms
1. Increasing consumer awareness and acceptance of green products degrees
(c) strengthen its efforts to promote green products, spread knowledge about green products through a variety of channels, including the media and public goods, and raise consumer awareness of environmental issues, so as to make the quality and performance of green products widely known to consumers. Through green procurement policies, governments can prioritize the procurement of green products produced by highly polluting enterprises to serve as a pilot. For example, in the construction of public buildings, the use of products such as green steel and green cement can be imposed to generate market demand for products associated with heavy pollution enterprises. High-polluting enterprises are encouraged to certify green products and to increase their market-wide recognition. Enhanced green consumption education, from the top down to the secondary level, through the implementation of environmental practice courses from undergraduate to secondary schools, the dissemination of knowledge on carbon footprint calculations and epd environmental product statements; the construction of incentive compatible mechanisms, the issuance of green consumption vouchers in large and medium-sized cities, the encouragement of consumers to purchase products certified through green low carbon, the piloting of the “carbon inclusive” platform and the orientation of consumers to purchase cumulative carbon credits for green household electricity, the selection of public transport, etc., which could provide incentives for consumer consumption in other areas; a system of confidence-building guarantees, the creation of a “southern green house” on a web-based sales platform, the requirement of access to carbon emissions data in established enterprises, the encouragement of consumers to network monitoring of relevant enterprises, the linking of consumer-to-business evaluations to corporate carbon emission reductions, and the aim to increase the market share of green products in henan province from 8 per cent to over 25 per cent, and the development of at least 100 national green consumption brands。
2. Improving carbon trading markets
Participants in the carbon trading market should be enriched by introducing financial institutions, investment funds and the like, in addition to priority emitters, to participate in the transaction and increase market liquidity. Develop diversified carbon trading products, such as carbon futures, carbon options, etc., to meet the needs of different market players. Improving the mechanisms for price formation in the carbon-trading market, establishing price stabilization funds, stabilizing prices in the event of abnormal fluctuations in the price of carbon quotas, inter alia, through the intervention of the fund; strengthening market regulation, toughening market manipulation, fraud, etc., and maintaining order in the carbon-trading market. To promote regional synergies, lead henan and hubei and shandong to establish a china-china carbon trading union, open a cross-regional carbon offset route and explore a “power plus carbon emission” trading model in the heavy industrial sector; to accelerate technological transformation in heavily polluting enterprises through market regulation, and to create a virtuous cycle of “quota tightening-cost push-technology upgrading-revenging” by 2027。
Iv. Broadening access to finance and increasing financial support
1. Optimizing traditional sources of financing
Financial institutions should change the perception of highly polluting enterprises and establish a scientific risk assessment system to properly assess the credit risk of highly polluting enterprises in the light of the progress and effectiveness of the green low-carbon transformation of highly polluting enterprises. Support is given to highly polluting enterprises that actively promote a green, low-carbon transition and meet environmental targets, such as preferential loan rates and longer loan terms. Governments can reduce the financing costs of heavy-polluting enterprises through, for example, discounts, guarantees, etc. For example, the establishment of a green credit disbursement facility, which provides a percentage discount on loans for low-carbon green projects and encourages financial institutions to increase credit support for highly polluting enterprises. Enhanced green credit support for heavy-polluting enterprises by granting lpr 50-percent interest rates to eligible high-polluting enterprises for transition projects; allowing heavy-polluting enterprises to use carbon emission reduction benefits as a credit enhancement tool to support conditional heavy-contaminated enterprises in undertaking ultra-low-emission retrofitting; setting up a financial platform for green supply chains that allows firms involved upstream and downstream to apply for collateral financing for receivables, promoting asset securitization, granting issuance fee relief for products with more than 70 per cent of their primary assets, and making it easier for products with high green content in heavily polluting enterprises to move to consumer markets; and establishing a system of financing and white-lists that enables silver firms to match through “line + line” finance paths, with a view to achieving green financing for pollution enterprises by 2027 at a scale of $200 billion, bringing direct financing to more than 40 per cent。
2. Developing green finance
To diversify the range of green financial products and explore the development of products such as green insurance and green trusts to facilitate highly polluting enterprises, in addition to green credit and green bonds. Improve green financial market standards and norms, clarify criteria for the definition of green projects, and simplify the process of applying for green financial support from highly polluting enterprises. Financial institutions are encouraged to innovate financial service models, such as carbon quota pledge financing, green supply chain finance, and to provide diversified financing for the green low-carbon transformation of highly polluting enterprises. Support heavy-polluting enterprises to include carbon emission reductions, green patents, etc., in the context of netting deposits, by piloting carbon neutrals and bonds to allow heavy-polluting enterprises to finance their future carbon trading rights; and promoting the linkage of carbon markets with financial markets to create a carbon-financial derivatives trading platform for the product characteristics of highly polluting enterprises。
V. Optimizing enterprise internal management and developing science strategies
1. Development of a green low-carbon transition strategic plan
Heavy-contaminated enterprises should scale up the green low-carbon transformation to a strategic level, taking into account their own realities, both detailed transformational strategic planning and sector-specific transformational objectives, such as reducing carbon intensity by a certain percentage within a given period of time; specific technological innovation plans to determine the scale of r & d inputs and priority r & d directions; and market outreach strategies to develop market-friendly products for green products. For example, steel enterprises could develop a strategic plan to reduce combined steel energy consumption by 10 per cent over the next five years and introduce a range of high-intensity, low-emission new steel products. The implementation path for the green low-carbon transformation of innovative and heavily polluting enterprises, piloting a two-wheel-drive model of “fall-back-to-land + technology adaptation” in industrial parks, strengthening the integration of key technology and innovation financial instruments, providing low-interest loans for up to 10 years for transformation projects, and providing carbon quota incentives for heavily polluting enterprises that are ahead of schedule。
2. Optimizing the organizational structure and management model
Establish an organizational structure adapted to the green low-carbon transformation to strengthen top-level design and establish dedicated green low-carbon management to coordinate and coordinate the transformation of highly polluting enterprises. Strengthen inter-sectoral communication and collaboration, re-engineer management processes, implement fine-tuning controls on the “carbon cost” subject by establishing cross-sectoral working groups to embed carbon footprint accounting in the whole process of procurement, production and sale, and jointly advance the implementation of green low-carbon projects. Improve the performance appraisal system, increase the weight of indicators related to the green low-carbon transformation in performance appraisals, link staff remuneration and promotion to performance in related areas such as green low-carbon jobs, and motivate staff to participate actively in the green low-carbon transformation of highly polluting enterprises. For example, promotion opportunities and incentive awards are given to staff who are prominent in energy-saving technology innovation, green product development, etc. The establishment of a green low carbon transition special incentive fund, which provides incentives to teams and organizations that have exceeded their carbon reduction mandates, and a collective 15 per cent pay reduction for two consecutive years at the top of the management of highly polluting enterprises, aims to achieve 100 per cent coverage of green management in key enterprises in henan province and to develop a "strategic decision-implementation-capacity support" closed-ring management system by 2027。
