Technical guide to efficient tri-season cultivation of the zhenan zhenan zhexiang goosan
Zhang zun
Fructus mori, also known as sancho, suzo, sakako
Wait, it's a ripe fruit of sankoh san tree, many squirms or..
Kidney type, colour with purple red and purple mostly. Sango could be..
Fruit food may also be dried and stored for occasional needs。
Sango is rich in amino acids, fruit glues, ketone, polyphenols, flowers
Nutrients, vitamins, etc., with diarrhea, kidneys, visions
It's a good thing. In 1993, sancho was listed by the ministry of health
For agricultural products that are both food and medicine. Currently, zhejiang
The largest fruit-sang species planted in the province are the great ten
Changosang, china 1, red manau, fruit option 2, 109, joan 46
Cinnamon and so on. Of these, “big ten” fruit-samples have the largest area cultivated。
The "big ten" is a triple natural, large fruit, good taste, seed (seed)
Low hulls, high nutrient content, more cultivation for all parts of china
There are many fruit-sand varieties, but their susceptibility to the disease requires disease prevention
Work。
Often, most fruit-pine varieties produce only one fruit in a year, with a concentrated maturity period and short shelf periods, making it difficult to meet the continuing demand of consumers for fresh fruit. In order to break this limitation, several studies have been carried out to explore multiple results techniques. However, there are significant differences in the multiple results of different species from the available research: taiwan's long-term production capacity has been prominent, while the multiple outcomes of the “big ten” are relatively poor, reflected in the low number of outcomes and, in some cases, the failure to achieve even a second result, as well as a general low yield and low stability, which severely constrains the full potential of the “big ten” fruit to meet the market's continuing demand for fresh fruit。
In order to break the bottlenecks of the one-time results of gosanne's planting in the zhenan region and to achieve continuous results and high quality production, a three-year technological study of precision cultivation, with the aim of testing the “big ten” fruit san, was conducted in 2018, and integrated technologies, such as facility tectonic regulation, retorting and management of fat water, were explored and applied to meet market supply and industrial development needs through technological innovations aimed at increasing the number and quality of results。
1 varieties selection and construction
1. 1 types
Three times the size of the nuclei-free tannery produced by the yusang institute of science in guangdong province was chosen. The species is extremely burgeoning, with open trees, softer branches and more twigs; grey barks; large leaves, heart-shaped, green leaves and high yield of leaves; high budding, with 5 to 6 single buds, with a high seating rate and no loss of fruit after maturity; round fruit, with a length of 3. 0 to 6. 0 cm, with a diameter of 1. 2 to 2. 0 cm, single fruit, with a weight of 4. 0 to 6. 0 g, purple black, without seeds, abundant fruit juice, sweet sour fruit, with 14. 87 per cent of total sugar and 0. 82 per cent of total acid. The yangtze basin is normally grown from april to may and matures around 30 d. The experience of multi-year cultivation has shown that “big ten” fruit-pines are excellent fruit-leaved with early maturity, high production, quality and resistance。
1. 2 construction
You can use two years of marriage seedlings with a full root line and a diameter greater than 1. 5 cm. In early november, a north-south fixed ditch was used to plant plants at a distance of 1. 1 m x 1. 5 m, with approximately 300 plants per acre, with a density of 40 to 60 cm. Prior to planting, 2,500 kg/acre and 90 kg/acre of corroded organic fertilizer were applied and fully ploughed with shallow soil and then refilled the dens and water cushions. Note that, when backfilling the soil, light seedlings, compacting the soil, backfilling the soil, rounding up and pouring out the water。
1. 3 integration
When a new seedling is planted, it grows up to 150 ~ 200 cm and the branches age, cutting the top of the ground at about 130 cm and training the backbone. When the main stem sprouts grow to 2 cm, they are detached, with a balanced location distribution of 3 to 5 sprouts, and when they extend to 1. 5 to 2 m, pick a sharp control height, promote the growth of the side branches, and cultivate the result branch groups, and keep the san trees at the standard tree height (2 ~3 m). By the spring and summer of the second year, the main branch will be cut again by 10-20 cm, with 10-15 sprouts of each sprouts and the rest removed. Repeats the cut from the previous year later。
2. Facility planting techniques
The facility is located in the village of qai, zhejiang county, wenzhou city. A whole steel-mounted shed, 50 m long, 10 m wide, each of which covers an area of 500 m2 with a row of concrete pillars from the north to the south at a distance of 4 m, with a pole up to the north and down, a pole across the north and the south, and a wire pulls from the side and a pole around the side. The shed is surrounded by automatic film, with drip irrigation equipment and the temperature and humidity of the shed regulated。
2. 1 temperature control techniques
Following the summer trim, adequate ventilation can be removed. When the average temperature falls to 10 ~ 15 °c in the first half of december, the membrane temperature is required to ensure that the minimum temperature is not less than 5 °c in winter and not more than 30 °c in spring. The new life is long-term and the temperature is maintained at 20-25°c during the day and at no less than 10°c during the night by means of an automated membrane device; the temperature in the shed can be increased appropriately during the periods of expansion and chromosomalization, at 25~33°c during the day and above at night。
2. 2 humidity control techniques
Control of the humidity of the sheds through automated film and drip irrigation. In general, fresh life is long and air moisture is maintained at around 65 per cent; ventilation is increased and moisture is reduced and humidity is maintained at around 50 per cent during the flowering season; during periods of expansion it is appropriate to increase humidity in the shed to above 70 per cent; suitable ventilation is available during chromosomal maturation, reducing humidity in the shed to about 50 per cent。
3 key technology developed three times a year
3. 1 shearing and heartening
For san trees of age in the shed, leaves were removed in early march and their buds split, and the first ripe sanctuaries could be collected in mid-may until mid-june。
In mid-june of that year, sheared five to six large branches each, with 15 to 20 cm flat in her cell, becoming a dry, new branch, the next season. The timely application of organic fertilizers, such as pie fat, after cutting the branches is sufficient for nutritional growth. Because of the high temperatures in june-july and the fast growth of branches, leaves were removed in mid-august and in late august, the roofs were capped, leading to the conversion of nutritional growth to reproductive growth, a second split of bouquets was achieved, and a second condensed sanctuaries could be collected in mid-september and late, and could be picked up until mid-october。
In mid-october, the leaves were removed and the branches were pressured (figure 1) to facilitate the third split of buds, with 15-30 d in advance. In late october, the shampoo was covered to protect the temperature from freezing. In mid-december, the san twigs were grafted, and the third cyanide could be collected by the end of december, to be picked up in early march of the following year. It then enters the second cycle and forms a pattern of multiple harvests over a year on the same land。
Figure 1
3. 2 soil water management
After each cut, the whole garden needs to be fertilized to increase soil aerobicity and to stimulate root growth。
Zang tree results require sufficient nutrients. After the first cut-off, organic weights of 3,000 kg/acre, such as fertilisers, and 100 kg/acre complex fertilizer, such as potassium, followed by a second and third cut-off, combined fertilizer of 60 ~ 100 kg/acre high. The leaves are fatted and 1500 times the liquid boron is sprayed at the end of the cut, the beginning and the end of the flower. Potassium dihydrophosphate sprayed 1 to 2 times before the fruit coloured。
Water is required once each application of base and compound fertilizer. Maintenance of water in the field is not less than 60 per cent and water is poured before 11 a. M. Or after 17:00. Heavy rains occur during the summer, such as when the shampoo is removed, requiring timely drainage。
4 integrated pest management techniques
The main targets are diseases such as albino, sauna and sauna; pests such as sauna, sauna, sauna and red spiders. Based on the characteristics of the management of the sheds and the variety of varieties, and following the “preventive and integrated approach” approach to plant protection, the following preventive measures are used。
4. 1 duplicate film
After each cut, all fallows, branches and bad fruit are removed from the shed, and 45 per cent of the crystall sulfur amalgam is selected for 80 to 100 times the liquid seal. At the same time, in conjunction with the clean-up of the gardens, the whole garden is covered with soil, killing parts of the eggs and the fungus and reducing the capacity of the orchards to breed。
Full cover of the membrane before each gestation of the sanctuaries, cutting off the cystals for transmission and keeping the gardens clean and increasing the temperature of the ground. At the same time, a significant reduction in the incidence of the disease and the improvement of the quality of the sango is being achieved by changing the temperature of the park to curb the infestation of the sangia nuclei。
4. 2 chemical control
The flowering period is a critical period in the fight against the sanctuary nuclei disease, usually during the prime flowering, flowering and final flowering periods, with 70 per cent of the methyl tobuzin humid powder and 80 per cent of the dysentery manganese humid powder (mixed by 1:2) 1,000 times, 42. 4 per cent of the acetylene fluamide (handa) suspension 2,000 times the fluid, 25 per cent of the metamine emulsifiable concentrate 500 times the liquid + 40 per cent of the nuccummal humid powder 750 times, three series of sprayings, a full dose (around 40 kg/acre of spray) and a substitution drug. It was found that the disease fruit (breath fruit) was removed in time for it to be buried or burned deep from the san. After summer trimmed, a series of multiplications of 1,000 times the liquids of mitamine and 1,500 times the cream of avy thorite were used to infestate。
Summary
For the first time in the zhenan region, the goal of a year-round maturity was achieved in response to the weakness of the “big ten” fruit san with its natural multiple results, through the technique of “crushing the bouquets” (crushing the branches in october, 15-30 d in advance of the flowering results), in combination with the winter tectonic cover. The harvest time was increased from one month to six months and production reached 750 ~ 1,000 kg/acre, an increase of 200 per cent over traditional cultivation patterns. The multi-season results are at the wrong peak, with the first season (december-march of the following year) accounting for market gaps in early spring and fresh fruit, with prices significantly higher than in the conventional season, far higher than those of traditional cultivation, with a production value of 375,000 yuan/acre, nearly three times higher than those of traditional cultivation (10,000 yuan/acre), with significant benefits. However, the technology is highly dependent and requires professional guidance in the management of trees and in the management of the temperature and humidity. In the future, technical guidance teams need to be formed, based on the “government + scientific unit + enterprise” model, to conduct “theory training + field exercise” to lower the technology threshold。
In conclusion, the successful application of the “big ten” fruit-planting technology in zhenan has not only provided a technical paradigm for many of the country's hard-won fruits, but also contributed to the transformation of the fruit-pine industry from a “production orientation” to a “quality-benefit orientation”, which is an important demonstration of the upgrading and rural renewal of the specialty fruit industry in the south。
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