I. Selection and preparation of plantations
(i) land selection
The hot-eat maize summer peaks should be chosen for flat, easy drainage, fertile soil and deep tillage. The soil is suitable for either the frontier or the sandy soil, with ph values ranging from 6. 5 to 7. 5, and such soil conditions favour root system growth and nutrient absorption. At the same time, it is important to ensure that plots are far from the sources of pollution and that front crops are not maize in order to reduce the incidence of pests and diseases。
(ii) whole fertilization
After the harvest of the front crop, deep tillage is carried out in a timely manner, usually at 25-30 cm depth, to break the bottom of the plough and to increase soil permeability. Land is to be levelled, soil is torn and weeds, debris and stones are to be removed. A combination of 2000 - 3,000 kg of rotting organic fertilizer per acre and 40 - 50 kg of potassium nitrophosphate (15 - 15) as base fertilizer is applied to the ground, so that the fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil by spreading it evenly。
Ii. Varieties selection and seed processing
(i) choice of varieties
In the summer seasons, fresh-food corn should be grown, with the choice of varieties that are adapted to local climatic conditions, resilient, productive and of good quality. In view of the potentially high temperatures and heavy rainfall during the summer season, species that are resistant to high temperatures, floods and disease-resistant, such as kinko 2000 and sukoqui 3. At the same time, in order to attain the peak of the market, there may be a reasonable mix of early, medium and late-term varieties, depending on market demand and the reproductive period。
(ii) seed treatment
1. Sunbreeding: choose clear weather before seeding, plant seeds on dry ground for 1-2 days and flip them two to three times a day to increase seed growth and growth。
2. Speculation: dismantling of pathological particles, granules, shredded particles and impurities, selecting seeds of saturated size and consistent colour, ensuring that the purity and purity of seeds is above 98%。
3. Absorption: 15-20 minutes of impregnation with warm water at 55°c and continuous mixing during the period, then cooling up to about 30°c to continue impregnation for 4-6 hours, killing the fungi on the surface of the seed and promoting seed growth。
Cultivation: the leaching of seeds, the drying of surface moisture and the planting of suitable clothing formulations can effectively combat underground pests and seeding diseases。
Iii. Sowning techniques
(i) sowing time
The timing of the seeding of fresh and summer corn is determined by local climatic conditions and projected listing times. In general, seeding is done in time after the harvest of spring maize or after the harvest of the front crop. In order to achieve the wrong peak, planting can be done every 7 to 10 days in a phased manner to prolong the supply of fresh corn. In the yellow cay sea area, the suitable planting time for summer corn is generally from mid-june to early july。
(ii) sowing methods
Live broadcasts or seedlings can be used. It has the advantage of time-saving broadcasting, usually by mechanical or on-demand. At seeding, the range is typically 50-60 cm and the range is based on the characteristics of the species and planting density, typically 25-30 cm and 3-4 kg per acre. The sowing depth is 3-5 cm and can be duly in-depth if soil conditions are poor, but not more than 8 cm. Cultivated seedlings can be planted early in order to produce strong seedlings, which can help to increase planting density and production when it comes to farming. It is possible to plant the seedlings with nutrients or dens, and when the seedlings grow up to the three-four-leaf period, it is necessary to take care of the soil and reduce the damage to the roots。
(iii) cultivation
A reasonable planting density is key to improving the production and quality of fresh corn. Cultivation density should be determined on the basis of variety characteristics, soil fertility and climatic conditions. In general, 4000 to 4500 strains per acre are grown in compact varieties and 3500 to 4000 crop varieties per acre. Land plots with high soil fertility and favourable climatic conditions can appropriately increase planting density and vice versa reduce planting density。
Iv. Field management
(i) shrimp management
1. Inter-sapling seedlings: inter-saplings are carried out between the ages of 3 and 4 to remove weak, sick and deformed seedlings and to retain strong seedlings; and seedlings are established at 5 to 6 periods to keep strong seedlings at the predetermined distance, with the number of seedlings per acre determined on the basis of planting density. Saplings should take place in the middle of the morning in order to detect and remove them in a timely manner。
2. Weeding in chinese tillage: weeding during the sapling season shall be done in a timely manner at a depth of 5-8 cm in order to lighten the soil, increase the temperature of the ground and promote root growth. When farming, care should be taken to avoid damage to seedlings. Chemical weeding may also be used, with 50 per cent acetamine emulsion 100-150 ml per acre and 50 kg water evenly sprayed, and soil closed weeding; or 4 per cent acre with a 100 ml adsorbant per acre to 30 kg water evenly sprayed, with a tubing。
3. Hydrological management: small water requirements during the seeding season, and soil conservation in a dry wet condition. In the event of dry weather, water should be poured in time to ensure normal growth of seedlings, and in the event of heavy rainfall, water should be removed from the fields in time to prevent flooding。
4. Fertilizer pursuit: a seedling can be properly followed up with urea per acre, depending on the growth of the seedlings, for 5-8 kg of the larger, weaker seedlings, in order to promote the growth and development of the seedlings and to achieve a full, balanced and strong seedling。
(ii) swing management
1. Cultivated soil in the middle till the loudspeaker, with a depth of 10-15 centimetres in the middle, and a soil of 10-15 centimetres high in the corneas, in order to increase the resilience of the plant, while allowing for drainage and later fattening。
2. Fertilizer management: the oscillation period is a critical period for the growth and development of fresh corn, both in terms of water and in terms of fertilizer. During the loudspeaker period, 20-25 kg of urea and 10-15 kg of potassium sulphate per acre, which can be applied in conjunction with the cultivation of the soil, where the fertilizer is applied to the soil at a distance of 10-15 cm and then watered to increase fertilizer utilization. In the event of dry weather, water should be poured in time to keep the soil wet, and in the event of heavy rainfall, water should be drained in time to prevent flooding。
3. Pest and pest control: the main pests and pests in the osmosis are corn distress, aphids, scabs and small scabs. Corn distress can be dealt with in the heartleasing leaf with a 3% thiophos-methyl granular agent of 0. 5-1 kg per acre during the loudspeaker; aphids can be treated with 10% aphids and 2,000 times aqueous powder; and large- and small-scale diseases can be treated with 50% more than 500 times accelerant or 70% accelerant of methyl-sulphate filamentary powder, with two to three times a day。
(iii) particle management
1. Hydrological management: pneumatic periods are critical periods in the formation of fresh-eating corn seeds and are sensitive to water requirements. Lack of water during this period can lead to poor seed development and affect yields and quality. Therefore, for soil to be humid, the water content of the soil should be maintained at 70-80 per cent of the water held in the field. In the event of dry weather, water must be watered in a timely manner; in the event of heavy rainfall, water must be removed from the field in a timely manner。
2. Artificially assisted pollination: during flowering periods, high temperatures, droughts or rainy weather can affect the pollination of maize, leading to a decrease in the yield rate. Artificially assisted pollination can therefore be carried out, with the option of promoting a plant with a bamboo pole or rope from 9 to 11 a. M. In the middle of the morning, so as to disperse pollen, promote fertilization and increase the yield rate。
3. Pest and pest control: aphids, rusty and tubular morbid diseases are the main pests of the flower season. Aphids can continue to be treated with 10% aphids, 2,000 times aqueous spray; 25% acetone, 1,500 times aqueous spray at the beginning of the onset of the disease; and 50% acne, 50% acne, 500 times acne。
V. Integrated pest management
(i) agricultural control
1. Selection of disease-resistant species as the basis for pest control。
2. Rational rotation and avoidance of reconnection reduce the accumulation of pests and diseases。
3. Timely removal of weeds, debris and leaves and reduction of pest and disease breeding sites。
4. Strengthen field management, rational planting, scientific fertilization and increased resilience of plantations。
(ii) physical control
1. Use insect luminance to induce the killing of insects by setting black light or frequency-fibrous insecticidal lamps in the field, with 1 - 2 lamps per acre and 1. 5 - 2 metres high。
2. The yellowing of pests is used to trap pests such as aphids and white lice with yellow viscos and 30-40 pieces per acre, at the height of the top of the plant。
(iii) biological control
1. The protection and use of natural enemies, such as bees, ladybugs, grasshoppers, etc., can effectively control the occurrence of pests。
2. Biopesticides, such as bacillus souyun (bt) and plasma, are selected to combat pests such as corn troubles, larvae, etc., and iricin, agro-chain carcinin, etc。
(iv) chemical control
In case of serious pests, high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residency chemical pesticides may be selected for treatment, but they are strictly operated in accordance with pesticide use instructions, and the dose and frequency of use are controlled to ensure the quality of agricultural products. Chemical pesticides are banned 20 days before harvest。
Vi. Accessing in time
The harvest period of fresh corn is having a significant impact on its quality and taste. In general, 22-25 days after pollination are the best harvest period when seeds are full, colourful and watery. The harvest is premature, the seed particles are not sufficiently sullied and the taste is poor; the harvest is too late, the amount of water contained in the seed particles is reduced, the amount of starch is increased, the nitro is reduced and the taste is hardened. The harvest is conducted in the morning of the sun, and fresh ears are taken to the market or processed in time to ensure the quality and value of fresh corn。
Vii. Attention to wrong peaks
(i) rational organization of the seeding period
In order to achieve market peaks, planting periods for different varieties should be rationalized in accordance with market needs and local climatic conditions, ensuring that fresh corn is marketed at different times and increasing the efficiency of cultivation。
(ii) strengthened field management
The complexity of weather conditions during summer planting requires improved field management, timely management of water fertilizers, pest control, etc., to ensure normal growth and development of plants and to improve yields and quality。
(iii) focus on market dynamics
To keep abreast of market demand and price trends, to adjust crop varieties and areas to market changes and to avoid blind cultivation leading to oversupply in the market and affecting the efficiency of cultivation。
Fresh-eating corn is an agricultural technique that requires scientific management in a variety of areas, including land selection, species selection, seeding techniques, field management, pest and disease control, and timely harvesting, in order to achieve fresh salt. High quality maize production and miscalculation are on the market, increasing the economic efficiency of growers。
