I. Basics for the development of our eucalyptus
My country has been in the history of 130 years since its introduction in 1890. It was introduced only as a garden tree. With the promotion of good seeds and good practices, acacia forests have grown. According to the results of the ninth national forest resource inventory, by the end of 2018 our country had 5. 4674 million hectares of planted forests with an accumulation of 216 million cubic metres, representing 2. 48 per cent and 1. 23 per cent of the country's forest area and forest reserves. Episode tree growth cycles are short and generally can be harvested for 4 to 6 years, averaging more than 5 cubic metres per acre. The production of one third of the country's wood by less than 3 per cent of the country's forest area, which has resulted in more ecologically important public-interest forests not being harvested, has made a significant contribution to the preservation of the country's ecological and timber security。
Ii. Major issues of piece responsibility
Although aluminum trees have the advantage of growing fast, producing abundant materials, being economically efficient, and having a strong carbon sequestration capacity, as you mentioned in your proposal, scientific growth has not been possible in some areas, resulting in a number of ecological problems. In summary, there are three main aspects:
One is that the regional configuration is unreasonable. In some cases, the principle of homogeneity is not strictly observed, and euphoria trees are planted in areas that are high at latitudes, over-altitude and steep slopes, resulting in poor growth or severe damage. The second is the incorrect selection of the afforestation land. In some cases, small rotations of fast-growing eucalyptus forests in ecologically important areas such as rivers, important reservoirs, nature reserves and urban functioning areas have had a negative impact on soil and water conservation. Some grow pure aluminum trees along the main traffic line, which are monolithic and affect the landscape. Thirdly, the culture model is not scientific. Under the short-duration mode of operation, three to five years of exploitation. Only a few sexless strains, such as high-growth tailings and tailings, are grown, with a relatively single variety. In some cases, the land has been purified and completely reclaimed, with excessive application of fertilizers and herbicides leading to a rapid deterioration of the ground。
However, objectively speaking, these problems are not a problem of eucalyptus species themselves, but rather are not scientifically caused by breeding measures. Through rational layout and scientific nurturing, it is possible to minimize the ecological impact of the planting of eucalyptus trees and to achieve greater economic, ecological and social benefits。
Iii. Main measures taken by our office
In recent years, the agency has given high priority to non-scientific issues in the process of greening the land and has taken active and effective measures to guide the region along the path of greening the eco-sciences. At the same time, a number of initiatives have been taken with regard to the scientific cultivation of eucalyptus:
The first is to strengthen legislation and strengthen institutional safeguards. The new and amended forestry act, which was introduced on 1 july this year, makes clear requirements for scientific reforestation. Article 45 states that “the people's governments shall organize reforestation at all levels, shall plan scientificly, adapt to local conditions, optimize forest species and tree structures, encourage the use of native and good forest species, create mixed forests and improve the quality of reforestation”. Article 50 states that “in the context of ecological security, the state shall encourage the construction of fast-growing and productive, precious tree species and large-scale timber plantations, increase forest reserves and guarantee the safety of wood supplies”
The second is the development of technical standards to regulate culture management. In recent years, our bureau has issued and implemented several industry standards, such as the technical instructions for the operation of episode-rich forests and the technical instructions for the cultivation of large pathfinders in episode trees. Among them, there is a clear call for enhanced biodiversity conservation, the retention of certain migratory corridors for wildlife and birds, the retention of native species at the edge of forest lands and the use of river water systems as protective corridors and rare endangered animals, plants and their habitats. In the case of afforestation with an area greater than 1,000 hectares, secondary forests or bushes or grasslands with an area of 2-3 per cent shall be retained as biological areas, and “non-iron” species shall be greater than 20 per cent of the forest area. Primary vegetation should be maintained on the sides of the tops, ridges, catchment areas (including reservoirs) and trenches. In areas prone to soil erosion, such as rivers, streams, wetlands, alluvial trenches, agricultural land, provincial and above-provincial transport routes and rural neighbourhoods, as well as protected corridors, buffer zones (zones) of more than 10 metres should be maintained. At the same time, the promotion of sustainable forest management, a ban on the “burning” of forest lands, the promotion of “earth surveying” scientific formulations and the balanced application of fertilization were called for。
The third is to improve breeding patterns and find alternative species. In the national forest operations plan (2016-2050), improvements are proposed for the intensive operation of commercial forests, including eucalyptus, by extending the rotation period and increasing the run-off level of the main forest; increasing the number of rearing operations; reducing the area cut at the time of the main harvest and cutting the area of continuous operation from the point of view of strict control; and retaining a certain area of reserved woodland (buffer zone) around the area, with precious tree species and seedlings within the area. At the same time, it actively explores the pattern of mixing of eucalyptus trees with native and precious trees, such as scabs, sauerkraut, rice steaks, red cones and pelican trees. Experiments were conducted in the southern provinces, where alternative species, such as rice, were initially selected to encourage the construction of native and precious species and to reduce the area of artificial apricot trees。
Fourth, strict enforcement of the provisions and enforcement of the responsibility for fire prevention. The laws in force in the country specify the liability of forest operators for fire protection. The forest fire regulations clearly provide that the operators and individuals of forests, wood, forest lands shall, within the limits of their operations, assume responsibility for forest fire protection, establish forest fire liability, delineate forest fire liability areas, identify those responsible for forest fire protection and be equipped with forest fire protection facilities and equipment. Part-time or full-time rangers in the operation units of forests, trees and woodlands are responsible for patrolling the forest, managing wildfires, reporting on fires in a timely manner and assisting the authorities in investigating forest fire cases. Forest fire responsibility is the most important and effective working system for forest fire prevention. In the case of non-compliance by an operating unit or an individual with fire-fighting responsibilities in the forest, administrative penalties are imposed by the forestry authority at the county level or above, including corrective measures, fines of between $500 and $5,000 for individuals, and fines of between $10,000 and $50,000 for units。
Fifth is the establishment of research institutions and the strengthening of expert roles. With a view to strengthening research into the development of eucalyptus trees, in 1987 our bureau established the centre for research and development of equivalent trees in changjiang, guangdong, attached to the chinese institute of forestry sciences, which is responsible for basic applied research related to the euphoria industry, research of major social benefits and research in the development of technology, focusing on major scientific and technological issues of a comprehensive, critical and fundamental nature in the development and ecological construction of the euphoria industry in the country, as well as for the demonstration of new varieties and technologies. Every year, we hold national seminars on the development and development of the eucalyptus industry, in order to make effective use of the capacities of academics and practitioners to conduct exchanges on the ecological, economic and social development aspects of eucalyptus and to promote the scientific development of the eucalyptus industry。
As a next step, the bureau will implement the newly amended forestry act in earnest, insisting that it be adapted to local conditions, that it guide the rational distribution of trees, that science bean plantations be nurtured, that it promote the high-quality development of the greening of the land and that it effectively preserve the country's ecological and territorial security。
