Technical overview
(i) technical fundamentals
The soybeans originated in china, which was once the world's largest soybeans producer and the largest net exporter of soybeans, and accounted for 80 to 90 per cent of total soybeans production and exports. Since 1995, however, this phenomenon has changed, with china becoming the first to become an importer of soybeans, followed by an annual upward trend, with total imports of soybeans of about 100 million tons in 2020, 9,653. 7 million tons in 2021 and 9. 108 million tons in 2022. The decrease of 5. 44 million tons in 2022 over the previous year, but the high degree of dependency, combined with the international situation, is a serious threat to the development of our national economy and the security of our soybean industry. In recent years, with the attention paid by the national and provincial governments to soybeans, and in particular the launching and implementation of the soybeans revitalization plan, soybeans production has grown rapidly. The province of jiangxi has around 20 per cent of the soybean soybean seeded area throughout the province, mostly in the northern region, where nearly 60,000 acres are found in chaisan district town and in the cotton boat town of pengzawa county alone. The two areas are relatively large, mainly in the form of wheat, soybean, oilseed and soybean; and in the province of lake province, nearly 10,000 acres of soybean, mainly in the form of oil, soybean。
In the province of jiangxi, it is proposed to improve the production and quality of soybeans by improving the level of cultivation technology in order to contribute to the development of the soybeans industry and food security in the province. The key elements of this technology are: selection of suitable varieties (method 41, southerly 57, southerly 66, etc.); determination of the best seeding time and seed density (at the end of may to early june, with a seed rate of 5-8 kg/666m2, with a density of 20,000 crops); return of pre-ciplined crops to the ground, with optimal fertilizer based on soybean fertility levels and soil fertility (selection of aluminum, urea, phosphorus fattening, potassium chloride, a reasonable mix of three fertilizers, triutinium ~ 25 kg or phosphate as a base weight, combined with a small amount of nitrogen fattening or leaf spraying); reasonable control (recommended for multi-effect aluminant, alkyl and other components in the first flower of large beans on the basis of the soybean leg); prevention of disease and pests through agricultural and physical methods (reasonable wheel making, installation of insecticide lamps lamps and amphibernicide techniques, etc.); anti-control measures in the cold cold weather (res of timely harvests after 10 a morning). The implementation of this technology has resulted in an increase of more than 10 per cent in the production of soybeans in comparison with those grown by farmers。
(ii) technology demonstration promotion
The technology established core demonstration areas of 550 acres in the towns of hibashi township, chisang district and kampuchea township, penzer county. From 2021 to 2023, 300,000 acres were distributed in cheishan district, hukou district and pangzawa district in kyushu city. From 25 to 26 september 2022, a live survey of the entire mechanization of soybean cultivation in jiangxi province, organized by the provincial legume technology system, was reported in jiangxi and chasang district news, respectively。
(iii) efficiency gains
From 25 to 26 september 2022, a workshop was held in jiangxi province, organized by the provincial soybean industry technology system, on-site monitoring of the entire mechanization of soybean cultivation in the province of jiangxi. The results show that 3. 49 acres were collected, 940. 80 kg of seed grain and 269. 57 kg of acre production. Further calculations revealed that the total cost of renting 150 yuan/acre (half-year), planting 100 yuan/acre in whole, seed 90 yuan/acre, fertilizer 150 yuan/acre, pesticides 50 yuan/acre, harvesting 50 yuan/acre, was $590; soybean prices 6. 4 yuan/kg, yielding about 200 kg, yielding about 1280 yuan/acre; and net earnings about 690 yuan。
On 12 september 2023, a group of experts from the provinces in the fields of breeding, farming and cultivation carried out a survey of the province's legume industrial technology system in the town of jiang caisan district, kyushu city, on a model base field for the development of a “chaji soybean green and high-yielding production technology”. A demonstration area of 100 acres with soybean varieties seeded on may 30, 2023, from plant to harvest, throughout mechanization operations. After being briefed on the implementation of the demonstration site, the group selected representative fields for measurement. The results show a collection area of 1. 58 acres, with the collected seed grains weighing 445. 3 kg, less impurities and moisture, and an equivalent of 259. 1 kg dry weight。
(iv) technology awards
The technology was selected as the 2022 compendium of results of modern agro-industrial systems in jiangxi province。
Ii. Technical elements
(i) varieties selection and rational planting: selection of highly resistant, protein-rich, high-yielding and efficient varieties that minimize labour input and mitigate losses in cases where soybeans are not very objective. The choice of suitable varieties (salary beans 41, south farmer 57, south farmer 66, etc.); my summer soybeans usually rotate with crops such as oilseeds, so it is important to make arrangements to minimize the quality and production of soybeans caused by the high temperature of the autumn drought. The best seeding time is set at the end of may to early june, with a seeding rate of 5-8 kg/666 m2; seeding is done with hand-plugged small machinery, which is the most suitable to sow at depths of 3-4 cm, and care is taken to prevent leakages, which are followed by a decision to suppress the soil based on stifling and soil accretion, without which the soil cannot produce seed. Ensure that soybeans sow 85 per cent and leak 3 per cent. Reasonable planting is the basis for high productivity, ensuring that the density of cultivation is not less than 20,000 666 m2。
(ii) precipient crop straw treatment: the straw of the front crop must be crushed back to the field, the length of the straw must be below 8-10 cm after it has been crushed, if there is no ground to be crushed or thrown out, part of the straw removed from the field as far as possible or evenly thrown, with a horse-powered tiller one or two slow-twigs, and the straw must be crushed, thrown and buried。
(iii) reasonable application of fertilizers: best applied fertilizers based on soybean fertilisation levels and soil fertility (selection of a reasonable ratio of three fertilizers: ammonium molyte, urea, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium chloride), general base fertilizers applied with a compound weight of 20 ~ 25 kg/666m2 or diammonium phosphate of 20 kg/666m2; urea evacuated in a rain day of 1. 5 - 2. 5 kg/666m2 (depending on the condition of oxin and the strength of the plant) or with urea of 300 g/666m2 and potassium phosphate 200g/667m2 vs. Water 50 kg evenly sprayed; potassium chloride 7-8 kg/666m2 and urea 2 667m2 were applied to grass-drop during the first flower period; folate sprayed by dilution of 0. 05-0. 1% (10-20 kg) of ammonium molybrate to water prior to flowering or during the initial flowering period, at 50 kg/ 667m2 and 2-3 times per 7-10 d。
(iv) reasonable control: the abundant rainfall in the south is likely to lead to soybeans booming, and the rational handling of chemical agents is conducive to achieving control push, increasing the number of quails, promoting root-stamping, and fighting against control. It is generally recommended that soybeans are sprayed during their primary flower, with soybean pest control combined, and that if rain occurs four to five hours after spraying, the spray is required but the dose is halved。
(v) pest and pest control measures: summer soybean pests include, inter alia, scabs, scabs, soybean worms, etc. Timely information on the occurrence of pests and diseases is needed, prevention is the main focus, and timely and effective prevention and treatment measures are required. (1) disease control. During the precipice leaf, 50 per cent or 65 per cent of the acre was used for prevention in the form of methyl tobuzin, 50 kg in the form of dry manganese and one in the form of foetal spray and one in the form of methyl tobuzin to control the occurrence of the disease during the flowering period; the root of the disease was mainly preventive, and it was recommended that prevention should be carried out in the form of avoidance of reconnection (shifting soybeans with herbal crops), selection of highly resistant varieties and reasonable reduction of soybean soybean sod depths (sowning deep and low soil temperatures leading to bacterial infestation of the soybeans roots); and, in the case of a corruption, use of a bright shield (precipitation + chromium) + fungullation of 1,500 times or 72 per cent of an amphicium-moleceous powder 700 times. (2) pest control. In the field, the timely display of insecticidal lamps, sexual baits and pest control; the entry of soybeans into the prime flower and the occurrence of soybeans with soybeans can be reduced by 2. 3 per cent by 1,500 to 2,000 times the dose of methachlor + 200 g/l-chlorine, 7 to 10 d from the second dose; soybeans can be treated with an all-birth-time slashed moth, with 4. 5 per cent chlorocymethrin or 2. 3 per cent diluble 1,500 times the dose of methachlor benzeneate, and 50 kg each of 667 m2 spray sprays, after 5 p. M. Or from 6 p. M. To 8 a. M. As far as possible, the fluids are sprayed directly on the insect body to improve their effectiveness。
(vi) high-temperature, drought-control measures: the soybean soybeans are more resilient to drought, and proper drought can act as a seedling, promoting rooting and shortening the base sections and improving the resilience to inversion. The flowering season and the drum season are the most water-intensive periods for soybeans. Drought can result in flowers, mackerel, ointments, and should be watered in a timely manner, otherwise they seriously affect production and, in the event of drought, irrigation should be applied in a timely manner. Conditions may be met by spraying measures or by ditch irrigation. In general, the preference is to start in the evenings (to avoid high temperatures around noon) and to fill the “run horse water”, i. E., when the soil is wet, to drain the excess water from the ditches in time, and to avoid flooding and flooding for long periods. At the same time, soybeans are less resistant to flooding, and if water accumulates in the field after heavy rains, it must be drained in time to prevent flooding from causing flowers to fall and affect yields。
(vii) acquiring in due time: when the plant is fully mature, the leg leaves are almost exhausted, and the seed pellets are harvested in a timely manner, preventing the cracking of the soybeans before the harvest from reducing production. A joint harvester is recommended for harvesting after 10 a. M. And for mechanical harvesting when soybean seed grains are reduced to less than 18 per cent, with care to avoid dew and prevent seed particles from adhesive to soil, affecting their appearance. It is proposed to opt for soya harvesters or harvesters with soya harvesters. If the rice harvester is used, care should be taken to adjust the speed of the wheeling, to reduce the force of the soybean straw, to reduce the fallout, to properly select and adjust the speed and spacing of the disemboweled roller and to reduce the soybean particle breakage rate。
Figure 1
Figure 2
Appropriate areas
The northern regions of jiangxi province, such as kyushu, hao yu, cinde town and eagle shack, are particularly suitable for summer soybean cultivation following the harvest of winter oil。
Iv. Notes
In july-august, when seasonal droughts are likely to occur in the summer soybean season, care should be taken to prevent the effects of high temperatures and water scarcity on soybean growth, and it is recommended that appropriate measures be made to catch up on fertilizers and protect seedlings through water-saving irrigation。
The resistance of soybeans to adverse external environments during the flowering season is weak, when chemical agents are sprayed, which can cause buds to fall off and pellets to increase. If soybean pests and pests must be treated with medication, it is advisable to choose between 4 p. M. And strictly control the quantity and concentration。
Technology-based units
(i) kyujiang city agricultural technology extension centre
Contact: 22 south lake branch road, yuyang district, kyushu city, jiangxi province
Postal code: 332000
Association: chen yan
Contact number: 13507927809
E-mail 9721818@qq. Com
(ii) institute of vegetable flowers, academy of agricultural sciences, jiangxi province
Contact: 602 nan lin road, qing yun shu district, nanchang city, jiangxi province
Postal code: 330200
Associated: zhang kyung-yun
Contact number: 15979028402
E-mail zhangjingyun0108@126. Com
(iii) gangxi province institute for research in the red frontier and plantation resources
