Tianma, a well-known drug of age, has a reputation at home and abroad for its unique medicinal value. It grows in medium-high mountain areas, with a larvae wetland belt between 800 and 2,200 metres above sea level, preferring corrosive sandy, loose and well-drived sandy and corroded soil. This multi-year parasitic plant has no roots and is not capable of photocooperative use or directly absorbing soil nutrients, but rather depends on mycelium or circulatory matter. As a result, the long-term survival of gestations without successful symbiotic symbiosis is not possible。
It prefers a cool and wet environment and faces many challenges in its production. Its severe climatic and environmental requirements, the length of its growth cycle, and its vulnerability to disease and infestation make the production of sterma extremely difficult. At present, the family culture uses non-sexual reproduction techniques, thereby reducing the growth cycle to 1-2 years。
Land selection is the first step in cultivation techniques. An open-air cultivation of sterilisation shall be chosen from an area rich in organic, lax, drainage and hydrogenic, with a slope of less than 25°. The total time varies from north to south, usually between april and early june, to mid-may. The whole land shall be removed from the earth, and the bark, roots and stones shall then be removed and suitable pits shall be dug at a certain distance or shall be selected for direct cultivation. Then we can plant it。
1. Cultivating honey circulus
The honey circulus is adaptable and diverse in origin and is often found in the dead branches of the forest, the decaying layer, and in dead wood and roots. In the event that bacteria are not collected in wildly fertilized forests, they can also be imported from the field。
In terms of fungi materials, oak trees, eucalyptus trees, euphoria trees, yang trees, chestnut trees and saplings are available. Bacillus, which are less than 2-3 cm in diameter, are called bacterial branches, while those with a diameter of more than 3 cm are referred to as bacterial rods. The bacterial branches are usually amputated at a fraction of 8-15 cm, while the fungus are amputated at 20-30 cm or 45-60 cm long wood. After cut off, the skin of the fungus is to be cut down at three to four feet per centimeter, which can be used for bacterial culture after a little tan。
Bacillus time is most appropriate in june-august, when the climate precipitation is abundant, warmer and more conducive to the reproduction of the honey circulus, thus ensuring the availability of high-quality bacteria for use in the fall sterilisation。
In the breeding of bacteria, artificially produced bacteria and bacterial branches can be used as bacterial species. In addition, old bacteria that have been planted, albeit partially decomposed, are still well developed and can also be used to cultivate new bacteria and strains. Of these, bacterial strains are most desirable because of their young characteristics, which allow for rapid growth, short-lived breeding and easy control of fungi。
In the case of the cultivation of bacteria using pit training, the sun slope of the mountain should be chosen, with good sandy soil being drained. The method is to dig a pit with a depth of 30-50 centimetres and a width of 45-60 centimetres, depending on the terrain and the number of bacterial rods that are cultivated. It should be noted, however, that it is not appropriate to produce more than 200 bacteria per pit to prevent bacterial infections. Then a layer of fresh bacterial branches is laid on the bottom of the dug pit, and several bacterial-free and well-growing old bacteria are distributed as seed. The bar room is also full of branches, followed by three to four floors. If well-bred bacterial branches are available, an additional layer of bacterial branches can be added between the two branches, each of which needs to fill the void with corrosive or sandy soil and cover 10 cm thick soil with bows. After approximately 40-60 days of nurturing, mycelium can grow well. These good strains can be used in june-july when preparation is made for the breeding of bacterial beds or strains。
Once filled with gaps, a second layer of bacteria is placed, and if there is a shortage of bacteria, every two fresh rods can be fitted with a fungus, covered with a fresh stick, and then covered with 10 cm thick soil, which is equal to the ground。
For semi-pit training, it is applied to low-temperature and high-moisture central and mountainous regions. The pit is 20-30 centimetres deep and 45-60 centimetres wide, and the bacteria produced can be approximately 35 centimetres above the ground. In the placement of bacteria, care should be taken that the upper and lower layers are staggered to prevent dispersing。
Ji pee method is a one-metre deep and two-metre wide pool made of stones or bricks with sand on the base. First, a new layer, then a fungus (or old) layer, and a sand layer. After this stacking, the proper humidity and temperature are maintained, and the bacteria can be cultivated for about 40 to 60 days。
In addition, there are methods of breeding bacterial beds, a new culture technique that can significantly increase yields. Selecting inter-forest spaces to ensure adequate associated plants, good shade conditions and the presence of honey circulus. The bacterial bed is 40 cm deep, 50 cm wide and 60 cm long. A dry leaf is laid at the bottom of the bed, followed by five rods, ranging from 6 to 9 cm. Every 10 centimetres, in eight-word form, the bacterial branch (species). Filled with fine soil, covering 5-6 cm thick soil and laying a dry leaf. A distance of one metre between the pit and the puddle is required in order to operate flexibly during planting。
2. Non-sexual reproduction
In the cultivation of sterility, small gestations are often used as seedlings, which are nourished by breeding. This method of cultivation is widely applied in most parts of the country。
Cultivation usually takes place in november or march-april of the winter or spring, with the effect of the winter. In the selection of seed, preference should be given to white and mime, which have a weight of between 5 and 10 grams, and the need to ensure that there is no disease, no trauma, no frost, no decomposition, and that the shape is hammered and visible. In some areas, gills are used as seed, but care needs to be taken to remove the sprouts。
The use of plantings is determined by the size of the seeding and the amount of bacteria. In general, 9-10 species of bacteria are used in each nest, with 5-6 species of vasectomy placed on each of the strains, with a total weight of 50-60 g, which gives about 500 grams of lower species per nest。
With regard to cultivation methods, five methods are currently used: bacterium accompaniment, bacterium with a new stick, baptism, and pedal cultivation. Among them, bacterium-bed cultivation is an efficient method through which a high rate of cythroidism, high productivity and high yield are cultivated。
Boxing: this law, free of physical and physical limitations, makes full use of idle areas, courtyards and indoors. The advantage is that temperature and humidity are easily controlled, labour and materials are saved and operations are simple. The size of the incubator is flexible, usually 60 cm long, 45 cm wide and 30 cm high. The culture matrix usually uses a mixture of broad-leaf sawdust, fine sand and corroded soil, with a ratio of 1:1 :1 ; however, it should be noted that the amount of sawdust should not be excessive in order to prevent fermentation from causing damage to the fermentation of the fermentation to the fermentation of the fermentation to the fermentation of the fermentation of the fermentation to the fermentation of the fermentation of the fermentation of the cyreum and the meringue. Each box is normally planted with 4-6 bacteria, and the weight of ricin is controlled at around 250 g. In the northern winter, incubators can be moved indoors; after spring weather warms, they should be moved outdoors; and in the southern summer, incubators should be moved indoors and water distributed in appropriate quantities to maintain a suitable growth environment。
3. Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction by humans not only prevents the degradation of castes as a result of long-term non-sexual reproduction, but also effectively expands seed sources and increases yields. However, the seed is extremely small and relatively simple in structure, consisting only of embryos and single-layer cell skins, lack of embryonic milk and the number of embryonic cells is less than 100, so that the gestation rate under natural conditions is extremely low. Even where very few seeds are available, it is often difficult to establish the necessary nutritional relationship with the meringue, leading to lower survival rates. As a result, artificial cultivation is relatively difficult and technical requirements are more stringent。
Cultivation of bacterial beds is the first step in the process. Normally, during the period of march-april, we select bacteria of high quality and operate in accordance with specific nurturing methods. This is followed by an mahjong choice, the goal being to select a mahjong with a full bud, a fresh, healthy individual with no injuries and a weight of about 250 grams。
The pyroculture chain is also crucial. In planting, appropriate strains of bacteria need to be placed and seeded to ensure that the bulge is up and that the distance is around 15-20 cm. Winter plantings are usually carried out in improvised rooms, while spring plantings are suitable for outdoors. In either way, appropriate temperature and humidity conditions will need to be maintained to ensure normal growth and development of sis。
In addition, artificial pollination is a key element in increasing the production of tima. The low rate of pollination is due to the fact that cymbals rely mainly on small earth bees, which are made up of smooth breasts, and the small number of such bees in the natural environment. Therefore, during gardening or indoor cultivation, artificial pollination is necessary to increase pollination rates. Specifically, at around 10 a. M. The day after the flower was blooming, small twigs were used to go into the neck, to remove the cap and to blackmail the puff to the head of another flower. At the same time, care needs to be taken to prevent the puncture of sub-rooms and to conduct artificial pollination in stages to avoid leakage。
The fruit harvest: the seeds of tianima will mature in turn, usually in late june. At this point, daily inspections should be carried out and the fruit should be collected in a timely manner as soon as cracks are found. The harvest is to be carried out in batches, when the fruit is collected, the paper is packed and tanned for two to three days in the cool and dry areas, and then the seed is sown。
Seeding methods: leaf-breeding is frequently used. First, the bacterial beds that were cultivated between march and april were excavated with sandy or corroded soil of 3-5 cm thick. Then, a long, well-growed meringue rod is placed, and a leaf is laid, with light pressure. The seeding is then carried out using a small drum sounder made of 120 mphs, which is then planted with an additional leaf and a second layer of seed, covering three to five cm thick soil and a further leaf. Finally, it is placed in an upper strain and covers 10-15 cm thick soil. Ten bacterial strains are required each, with 5-10 seedlings, with approximately 200,000 to 300,000 seeds. Another method of sowing is unilayered seeding, i. E. The preservation of a bacterium rod at the bottom of the bacterial bed during sowing, which is sowed with a thin-tidal leaf, and then returned to the upper bacterium and covered the soil to the ground level。
(b) field management: after sterilisation, no farming, fertilization and weeding are required during the reproductive period. In winter, a layer of leaves will need to be covered to prevent freezing and, after spring, the covered leaves should be removed to increase temperature. During the rainy season, in order to prevent the flow of rainwater into the nest, “human” type ditches should be opened at the top of the nest for drainage. In times of natural drought, water needs to be properly watered to keep the soil wet. At the same time, care must be taken to prevent human-induced abuses that would cause unnecessary damage to the cynics。
Harvesting and processing: the harvest can take place when the plaster matures. When harvesting, care is taken to keep the whole tubing intact and to clean it for processing. Common processing methods include drying, drying or natural wind drying, so it is sufficient to choose the appropriate process according to the circumstances。
1. Timing of harvest: the spring harvest is referred to as “spring”, while the best harvest time is before early winter or early spring, when the gestation has fully accumulated nutrients, known as “spring”. As a rule, “wine melt” is harvested between october and november of each year, which is not only productive but also of high quality。
Processes: after recovery, the process must be performed in time to prevent decay. First, it is graded according to the size of the tima, i. E. With a fresh weight of more than 90 grams in first class, 45-85 grams in second class and up to 45 grams in third degree. The purified sterilisation is then processed, and the boiling time is contained in 15-20 minutes, until the heart is clear. It is then fumigated with sulfur for 10-12 hours, resulting in brighter and better quality and effective prevention of moths and molds. Finally, drying is performed at a temperature of 50-60 °c, and care is taken to process and continue drying in due course. Close monitoring is required throughout the process in order to prevent sterilisation or bulging。
