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Wang sook, vice-researcher, zhengzhou institute of fruit trees, chinese academy of agricultural sciences, master's professor, expert in kopu, zhengzhou city, and specialist in science and technology, henan province, has long been working on pear-based innovations, working on the construction of an efficient breeding technology system for pears, developing a new range of varieties for breeding purposes such as red skin and early ripening, acquiring 11 rights to new varieties of plants, such as “dan xia hong” “china pear skull” and publishing 12 papers as the first author, co-authoring the “china pear trees” and obtaining 2 prizes for the national prize for scientific and technological progress。
The guest, wang sook
Zhang zhang zhang zheng, correspondent marlingo
Henan is the prefecture of pear industry and has the highest area of cultivation and production in the country. As an important pillar of our province, it is also the preferred industry to implement the rural renewal strategy, which has helped the farmers to lift themselves out of poverty. What is the current status of henan pear industry development? What are the challenges? How can the upgrading of varieties structure and planting techniques promote high-quality industrial development? On 15 february, journalists interviewed wang sook, an expert on pear trees at the zhengzhou institute of fruit trees of the chinese academy of agricultural sciences。
Moderator: what is the state of development of henan pear industry? What are the challenges
Wang sook: henan is the industrial province of pear, and the area and production of pear trees have long been among the highest in the country. From 2020 onwards, affected by the policy of “twice africa” on arable land (to stop the “de-farming” of arable land and to prevent the “de-foodization” of arable land), the area under pear cultivation has been reduced from year to year throughout the province, and in 2023 it was still the fifth largest area in the country, with a production of 1. 5 million tons, the fourth largest. The main species of pear are mainly “pears” and “autumn pear” and “autumn autumn pear” and are still dominated by old varieties. At present, my province and even my country's pear industry are facing a number of challenges, mainly the inadequate structure of varieties, the overrepresentation and ineffectiveness of traditional, sophisticated local varieties, the lag in the spread of new quality varieties, the backwardness of the old patterns of planting techniques and the relatively weak processing of post-pornography, which have led to insufficient supply of quality fruit, low branding, weak market competitiveness and persistent underperformance of pear industries。
Moderator: what is the meaning of the pear industry's restructuring of varieties
Wang sook: henan province still has the largest area of pear growing at a very late age, with few productive early and new varieties and special varieties of red skin. Restructured varieties is a central path to breaking traditional planting bottlenecks and meeting market challenges. The introduction of new, high-value varieties can significantly enhance the earnings of single-production and market competitiveness while also diversifying to meet market demand. Regional public brands are created through the optimization of varieties, branding to enhance the efficiency, visibility and reputation of henan pear, shaping geographical characteristics and promoting regional economic development。
Moderator: which pear varieties are better promoted in henan? What are the characteristics of new pear species like "dan xia-hong" and "choose pear" developed by the team of experts
Wang sook: henan has been able to choose a number of special features and early pear varieties, such as "dan xia hong" and "red soup pear" 291, which have been well replicated in my province as the preferred species to be developed in the coming years. Among them, tan xia hong, a very representative new species of red pear, has been cultivated by zhenggu, which has a one-quarter genetic background in kulle xianyi, perfectly inherited the sweet flesh of the fragrance of the fragrance, while being more adaptable, with large, red, beautiful faces, particularly susceptible to flowering, good management, and good practice in the fields of henan mungchou, zhengzhou, shinyang, zhouxi. The market is widely recognized by growers and consumers. It is a new kind of early pear, matured from the end of june to the beginning of july in the zhengzhou region, with juicy fruits, long shelf periods and long tree hangings, suitable for planting in the south, hunan, hubei and anhui areas。
Moderator: how did you, as a technologist in henan province, guide the pear garden to upgrade its new varieties and associated plant management technology, given its long history of growing in ning mau-yu
Wang sook-chul's construction of a pilot demonstration field for new breed selection, seed testing and display of new technologies provide visible and visible technology. Following a test and expert demonstration, we have selected a number of varieties suitable for promotion in ning maung, including dan xia hong, red soccer, red soccer, red pear 291, "sudley one", "autumn moon" and "wawa mountain". About 20 per cent of the pear trees in ningyingung have now been upgraded, and new varieties are two to three times more profitable than pears. In order to upgrade the varieties of the existing pear gardens, we have promoted the adoption of tree-highs, and have developed a local standard for henan province, the technical instructions for the replacement of pears, which specifically support the conversion of trees. In the past few years, we have encouraged fruit-farmers to re-plant their trees, and in general they have been high on the basis of the retention of the main branch of the tree, which has led to the marriage of many of its branches, thereby facilitating the rapid restoration of the crown of the year, beginning with its second year and gradually returning to production in three to four years. As they say, “three, seven”. With a good variety, it is also important to have complementary cultivation management techniques. Plantation techniques for different varieties may vary somewhat, and care must be taken to manage the characteristics of the species in combination, such as "dang xia hong" which can easily become a flower-sitting fruit, requiring the management of flowers and twirling。
Moderator: is there anything else about pear upgrading that would remind the farmers
Wang sook: while the importance of the variety is now recognized and its benefits can be significantly enhanced through renewal, the following three points should be noted in the upgrading process: the first is the careful selection of new varieties, the choice of promising varieties from a market and practical perspective, the attention given to brand effects and protection of varieties, and the maximization of benefits by making differences; the second is the technical possibility of quick recovery of yields through multi-segregation, the reduction of the throes of the renewal of varieties and the improvement of benefits; and the third is the emphasis on the use of new technologies, the use of pear gardens to modernize orchards and the more efficient and labour-efficient management of orchards. The zheng guo zhong zhong gave birth to new varieties suitable for growing in henan, and you were welcome to our test field site for a forensic study from june to september。
