With the restructuring of national policies and farming structures, farmers ' friends have adapted their crop varieties and patterns, especially in recent years when wheat and maize were not being grown efficiently as a whole. They have begun to grow cash crops, mainly watermelons, cucumbers, tomatoes, grapes, strawberries, etc. So many farmers and friends have chosen to grow potatoes because they are the fourth largest food crop in the country and are also classified as crops. The main management gains have been good in recent years, but many problems will arise in the process of planting, and we hope that they will help you by summarizing the following in practice
I. Select the ground
The potato is grown in many ways, but in any case, we have to choose the suitable fields, which must be lax, fragmented and uncoated, with sufficient water in the soil, otherwise there will be sprouts, slow seeding and sprouts。
In general, we have to choose soil fertility, flat terrain, easy drainage and drainage, deep-dwelling, estranged micro-acid sandy soil or border soil for cultivation. At the same time, attention is paid to fields where no sulfylazine herbicide has been used in upper-plant crops and to avoiding the serious problem of the death of potato seedlings as a result of herbicide residues. At the same time, in the case of spring-spreaded membrane cultivation, it would be preferable to have deep tillage before winter, and in the case of summer membrane or field cultivation, to have deep tillage. At this time, we apply bottom fertilizers when we combine cropland, usually containing p, k, and deep tillage with decomposed farm fertilizer. The whole of the ground before planting also requires that the plowing be carried out with horse-powered tractors, with a depth of about 30 to 40 centimetres, with no swirling, which is generally shallow and usually deep till, before which fertilizers are distributed one-off, three-dollar composites of fertilizers and biological organic fertilizer are distributed half the acreage. It then tills about 30 centimetres to make the soil frozen, weathered and reduce winter pests。
In addition, since potatoes are not suitable for co-production, they are not suitable for crop rotation with eggplant crops (eggs, peppers, tomatoes, tobacco, etc.) or for root crops such as potatoes, carrots, beets, etc. Rotation is at least four to five years old, and the choice of soybeans, oilseeds, onions, garlic as a front crop contributes to fertility and can effectively prevent the occurrence of bacterial diseases。
Ii. Spectrum selection and processing
1. Choice of varieties:
Potatoes tend to choose, on the selection of varieties, large brands of regular detoxification, rather than regular food varieties, which are not conducive to high productivity and high quality. In the early spring, the potatoes must have used early potatoes, high-expanding troughs, smooth potatoes skins and bright colours, with moderate healthy, disease-resistant varieties weighing 1-2 sizes. Examples include the dutch potato series, which is combined with the growing of the chinese potato series。
2. Sunburning
Potato is usually stored in cellars, where the physical functioning of potatoes is inhibited by lower temperatures in the early spring. The growth is not good, so the seeding should be preceded by the processing of potatoes to break the hibernation in order to facilitate early seeding. There are many ways to grow potatoes, and the sun is a more common one. Potato seeding can increase production by about 10 per cent. In general, 150 kg of potatoes per acre are required to be grown, with the choice of 15 to 20 days in the morning, to level the potato species in the courtyard, warm in the sun, using natural light. The general layer is approximately 15 centimetres thick, preferably at 12-18°c during the day, and not less than 0°c at night, flipping every 3-4 days. Scratch the seed of potatoes in the course of a flipping process, the mussels of potatoes that are abnormal in form, such as rotten potatoes, sick and deformed potatoes, budding deaths, frozen potatoes, etc
Iii. Potato seed
Pre-plant sprouts are an important measure of early marketing of potatoes in the spring. This pattern reduces the growth and birth period of potatoes, staggers the market stage, generally allowing them to be listed about 10 days in advance, and also helps to avoid the risks of aphids due to increased temperatures and spread of viral diseases. The sprouts are usually carried out some 25 days before the suitable planting period for local potatoes. The seeding method consists of cut-block and whole potato sprouts. The time taken to grow the chips is appropriate for the first one to two days before the sprouts, and if they are too early, they lose water or cause rotten seed。
It promotes the exchange of oxygen, both inside and outside the tubers, de-sleeping, early growth and seedlings. However, cutting is easily carried out by cutting knives, which cause bad seed, shortage or increase field morbidity and accelerate the degradation of varieties. Cuts are too large and have a large amount of seed, and typically cut to 20-30 g. Cutting blocks is done vertically, so that each slice has a budding eye with a top advantage. Cutting is done with the removal of the cassava, and the utensils of the slices are strictly disinfected, with 75 per cent of the alcohol or 0. 5 per cent of the potassium permanganate solution released prior to the cut in order to prevent transmission。
(4) combination
In the case of root and root crop cultivation, especially dry wheels, we need to do subterranean pest control, and in the case of potato cultivation, especially early spring temperatures, we need to ensure that 70 per cent of all seedlings, 100 g anterson (present zinc) wettable powder or ether + 60 per cent of high-coupt (ml) suspended clothing, 20 ml added to an average of 1-1. 5 kg water and sprayed to 100 kg potato. Such formulations not only prevent the hazards of aphids during the seed season, as well as the subterranean pests, gold needles, but also make the chips germinate early, strong and productive。
(5) drumbing: drumbing is an important anti-infection measure in potato cultivation. Pre-breeding sprouts can promote early ripening and increase production. At the same time, the eradication of sick and bad potatoes and the reduction of post-pastage strains or lack of saplings can be beneficial to the whole seedling. The mixed seed blocks are loaded into a basket and placed in a room with an ambient humidity of 85% and a temperature of 18-22°c, preferably covered with wet fabric for seedling. When the bud grows to about 1-2 centimetres, it is laid in a dispersing light, so that the light is even, and when the bud becomes green, it is ready to sow。
Iv. Fertilization in general:
Potatoes form a large number of leaves and tubers over the long term and therefore require more nutrients. Of the three elements of fertilizer, the highest amount of potassium is required, followed by nitrogen, and the lowest by phosphorus. Fabrication plays an important role in increasing potatoes production. Potatoes account for three fifths or two thirds of total fat. Fertilizer application is more relevant to soil type and fertility, with average medium fertility soils with a total of 6,000-7,000 kg per acre of fertilizer applied to mature farmers, 45 per cent (15-15) of potassium sulphate compound fertilizer of 100-150 kg, and bioorganic fertilizer of 100-150 kg, generally contributing to increased potatoes production. Or an acre can be applied to a fertilizer of 1000-1500 kg, calcium perphosphate of 15-25 kg, and grasswood ash of 100-150 kg. The glyphs shall be applied to the soil layer below 20-30 cm in order to facilitate the planting of the absorption and soothing of the potato layer. Potato is grown in large sheds, which generally distribute the required fertilizer twice, once in front of the crop, once in front of the crop, and once in the case of seeding, and generally not in pursuit of fat。
V. Enhancing in time
The optimal period of early potato sowing, taking into account mainly planting patterns and the temperature of the reproductive period, is in principle expected to keep the potato sprout at average daily temperatures of 15-25°c, with the potato sown from late september to late october, and the potato sown from late december to mid-january, with the early spring potato protected area growing, usually from mid-january to mid-february, and harvestable from late april to early may, avoiding centralization, generally at around 15-20 days compared to other planting mornings, and with good quality, short-term fertility and high-yield yields. At present, in addition to being covered by membranes, the early spring potato protected areas are being cultivated with a diaphragm cultivation model covering the membranes in the sheds, with three other types of cultivation, with small arch sheds or two layers of membranes added to the membrane between the arch sheds and the membranes。
Vi. Holding and detention
In the early spring, protected potatoes are grown in three-module form, usually as an arcade, based on the size of the shed (6 rim, 8 rim, 10 rim). The sheds are made up of steel-mounted sheds, mackerel huts and shacks, preferably north-south and east-west。
The sheds should be constructed 15-20 days before the seeding of potatoes, and should be sequestered for the purpose of freezing the soil and increasing the temperature of the ground。
Absorption membranes: the multiple selections of diaphragms with a thickness of 0. 06 - 0. 12 mm are usually carried out using three types of membranes, which overlap 20 - 30 cm at the intersection between the top and the membrane, crushing the membrane outside the membrane, sealing the membrane section of the membrane with dirt, tightening and fixing the pressure line between the two arches, and selecting wind-free weather to cover the membrane so as not to blow, to the detriment of the membrane or to tear the membrane。
The diaphragm would be preferable to a polyethyl thin film of approximately 0. 03 ~ 0. 04 mm thickness, on an arch some 40 cm distance from the top of the shed. This has led to the formation of a “hot-shelled” “shelter”. When the diaphragm is not used, plastic ropes can be used to hold it on one arch。
Vii. Corrective secretariat
The production factors that make up potatoes are the product of the number of units of area and the production of single plants. The single production is determined by the number of single potatoes and the weight of the potatoes. There is a contradiction between increased production by groups and increased production by single farms. When the number of units increases, there is a corresponding reduction in single yields, both of which are dependent on planting density. Within a certain density, the output of the group increases with the density; the production of the single unit decreases with the density. The determination of density must therefore take into account the need to harmonize the conflicting factors of group and individual production. In density hours, although a single plant is well developed and yields high, the total number of units within a unit is small, the potatoes are small and not very high. If the density is too high, although the total number of plants is large, the cassava is very low and equally low. It is therefore necessary to have a reasonable group structure within a unit area that enables the individual to develop well and to perform the group's increased productive role in order to make full use of light and ground power and thereby achieve high productivity. In terms of group and individual coordinated development, potatoes are suitable for around 6,000 plants per acre at general cultivation levels, with 2-3 trass per acre。
