Summary: spring cabbage is an anti-season planting method? Many technical challenges need to be addressed. The main factors affecting the development of the production of cabbage in the spring are infestation and infestation. The main technical measures to acquire the high quality of cabbage are the selection of good new varieties, the selection of suitable planting periods and the strengthening of cultivation management measures。
Key words: cabbage; spring broadcasts; technical measures
Chinesecabbage has its origins in what is known in the academic term as cuisine. Cabbage is gradually becoming a specialty of today's vegetables through long-term evolution and pre-planting choices. The biological properties of large cabbage determine their suitability for fall cultivation, winter storage and longer consumption. However, 60 years ago, the vegetable farmers in the suburbs of beijing tried to plant spring cabbage? Only because of production conditions and technical measures? And only some local old varieties, such as white hearts, white mouths, pomegranates, chinan hearts, etc., are available? In recent years? When spring cabbage has been selected for local old varieties? Although its quality is better? But problems such as lack of preparation, resistance to disease, infestation, and low yields have been the main factors influencing the development of spring cabbage production. Further explore and refine technical measures and production conditions for the anti-season planting of spring cabbage? The early promotion of spring cabbage as a quality, productive and cost-effective specialty vegetable is also one of the priorities of our in-depth research。
1. Selection of excellent new varieties
Growing cabbage in the spring? There are limited climatic conditions suitable for its growth and development. Early springs are often affected by low temperatures during the premersion phase? The prematures are easily divided by springing treatment; the postmature (spring phase) is vulnerable to high-temperature droughts and long sun exposures? Large leafball formation is more difficult; and many common pests are more likely to occur in the postmiddle period. It follows that the varieties suitable for the spring-spring of cabbage must be new varieties with high combinations of cold (winter-resistant), disease-resistant, short-lived, high-quality, productive, etc. According to the results of the pilot study, the selection of good and new varieties is the first and most cost-effective measure to acquire spring cabbage. There are few good new varieties of cabbage that are more suitable for planting in the middle and lower parts of the yellow river in the spring and that are characterized by a combination. The main ones are tianchuan, ru chunbai, aoshima, 87 spring, 34, japan, and south korea. And be careful that the selected seeds must be of high purity? It is generally better to produce new seeds or to test seeds in alternate years? Years of old seeds are also easy to draw flowers。
1. 1 days zing chun bai1
A hybrid new breed? Filled the gap between the provincial and external folding of springy cabbage. Winterly strong? Shorter truncheons of 5. 8 cm? 4. 2 cm shorter than the korean “founding spring”; leafball collaps? Shorter cones; light greens? White gang? 70% green? Soft leaves? 52. 4%? Single leafball weighs 2 to 2. 5 kg? Long-term 60 to 65d. According to the 2000 provincial test results? 667 m2 veggies, 3293 kg?, above 47. 8 per cent; quality evaluation score 4. 6?, above 0. 8; field viral disease, frosty disease, soft disease index 0. 6, 0. 0, 0. 8。
1. 2 ru chun bai 1
A hybrid generation of new varieties. Leafball shells, slightly sharp, comforting? Sphere index of about 1. 7? Netting rate of 70. 4%? Single-leaved ball weighs 2 to 2. 5 kg. Producing long-term 60-70d? More resistant to disease? More winter? Fit for spring planting? Are the varieties of great cabbage, such as the great generals and the powerful, imported from abroad suitable for our northern spring planting。
2. Select the appropriate planting period
2. 1 spring features
Spring cabbage is too early to sow? The temperature is often below 10°c and the seedling period is easy to deal with through spring? It leads to early reproductive growth of plants? It affects the quality of commodities? Even though spring cabbage is not flowering, the average daily temperature at the beginning of spring and summer can easily exceed 25°c and long daylight conditions? It affects the formation of larger leafballs? There is, of course, the risk of a serious occurrence of pests and diseases? Production and efficiency will be significantly reduced. So, the selection of the suitable planting period? The requirement is that the average daily temperature of spring cabbage be above 13°c? That is to say, to avoid cold springing and flowering; that the average daily temperature of spring cabbage be below 25°c? That is, to make leafball grow faster than flower。
2. 2 spring season
Is there a high temperature to grow during spring cabbage? It also provides a favourable temperature for leafball during the end? The more suitable planting period is generally selected for three periods: (1) seeding. Sudden seedlings under shed protection around 25 february? (2) early transmission due. Where there are qualified producers? Protection facilities such as solar greenhouses, plastic sheds, small arch sheds, etc.? Early transmission of 10-15d? – the planting of large nutrient seedlings by 15 february? The planting of fields that cover both the membranes and small arch sheds will lead to early cultivation? (3) lately. On march 25-30, the spring-earth direct seeding took place。
2. 3 cultivation of seedlings
Since the daytime temperature of the nursery in the protective facility is 20°c ~ 25°c and not less than 13°c at night? So when the average natural daily temperature is stable at 5°c? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The nutrients are 8 cm x 8 cm or 10 cm or 10 cm? The trophic soil is to be fully mixed with nine sifts and one decomposed manure? The trophic soil is to be filled with half a twilight before being fully discharged into the seedbed。
3. Strengthened field management measures
3. 1 preparation for planting
Choosing the land where spring cabbage was planted or broadcasted? Should it have been a plot that had not planted cabbage in the previous autumn? And till winter, till the soil is frozen; early spring, when the soil is frozen? 30 cm x 20 cm high and 2 rows of cabbage planted inside? The more rational plant density is 2,800 to 3,000 units 666 m2。
3. 2 early temperature protection
After the cabbage is planted? On a membrane-covered basis? You can buy an additional 1. 8 m-2. 0 m long bamboo sheet and an ordinary plastic film of 2. 0 m wide? You can plant it early in small arch sheds; you can plant it directly in the spring daeda field? How can we prevent low-temperature seedlings? On or about 5 april (the festival of qingqing) enters the frostless period? The temperature has recovered and stabilized in natural conditions? Field management, such as the following, can be removed from the membrane, in order to facilitate the pursuit of fattening and watering and weeding in china。
3. 3 reasonable watering
The principles of watering the cabbage in spring are that it is too young, too small to be wet. When a large cabbage seedling is planted, can you water it with a gutter? To avoid excessive water; after planting 2-3d, can you water it again? At the earliest possible stage, how can we ensure early cultivation and conservation? Promote growth of root systems; due to lower temperatures in the pre-temporal period; properly control the frequency and amount of water being poured? It is good for large cabbage roots to grow; because of late weather? Adequate watering? Sufficiently meeting the larger water demands of the cabbage season? But each watering should be pre-empted? Can we get some water when we're dry and wet? It is precisely the basic requirement for the absorption of nutrients by large cabbage plants for the synthesis of biochemicals. Spring-run cabbage without seeding? Spring cabbage's in wrapper time? The water is usually watered one time at approximately 5d intervals? The choice is to water it in the morning or evening。
3. 4 reasonable pursuit of fat
Long-term short-term green-breeders? Improved water-composed management before, during and after leafball growth? On the basis of rational watering? In addition to applying base-based fat? A combination of 50 kg/667m2 of urea can be used once after planting the seedlings; 700 - 800 kg/667m2 of man's urine has been washed with water for the pre-concertation period; two - three more times of american ammonium phosphate fertilizer? Don't follow human urine during high temperatures。
3. 5 prevention of pests and diseases
Spring cabbage needs to pay particular attention to the timely prevention and treatment of the disease? While other pests and pests can occur, they are generally not severely hazardous? They should, of course, be treated with flexibility, depending on the level of harm and the circumstances。
3. 5. 1 aphids
The aphids that endanger spring cabbage are predominantly porridges? On or about 5 may each year? There is often the first time that aphids move around the lower yellow river? Often, spring cabbage is a suitable host and, in high-temperature and dry conditions, a large number of finless females continue to breed quickly. The time of flight is the beginning of the aphid and the time to combat it? You have to use 10% of the aphids (single) as soon as possible, 2,000 times the wet powder? Or 50% of the aphids (squad) of the accelerant powder of 2,000 to 3,000 times the liquid flat spray。
3. 5. 2 molluscosis
The soft scavenging that afflicts spring cabbage is a home-grown bacterial disease. The main causes of the serious occurrence of molluscs are the limited resistance of the selected species to disease, viscosity and reconnection, heavy water or heavy rainfall and the accumulation of water in vegetable fields, the high number of underground pests and the unevenness of the soil. Effective measures to control the occurrence of soft corruption are prevention of disease and integrated treatment. Of these, the stage of treatment is the beginning of the enzyme? The choice is to use 200 (10-6) diluents for agro-chain carcinin or new cocin? The concentration is for the root parts of the cabbage? About 100 ml per plant。
4 in time for collection
When the spring cabbage has matured, it is important to collect the supply market in time. The timing of the delay in harvests? Too ripe a leaf ball is prone to bursting and decaying? Loss of food and commodity value。
