In the case of strawberries and rice, there is some reference to high-efficiency rice cultivation, with a view to promoting large-scale demonstration。
Strawberries are rich in vitamins and trace elements, tastes good, digestive, and are called "the king of fruits." nantung dynasty, with a good ecological environment, suitable for strawberry growth, has been growing around 0. 33 million hectares a year。
In recent years, as people's health, environmental protection and nutritional consumption perceptions have increased, demand for strawberries has grown, and the area under south strawberries has expanded rapidly, and has evolved into a strawberry-rice-based cultivation model。
This model can stagger strawberry seedlings, seedlings and paddy breeding, growth mouth periods, mitigate the occurrence of multiple endemic diseases, improve soil structures, increase soil organic content and increase fertilizer use. Together with a steady increase in integrated food production capacity, efficient agriculture can be developed to promote agricultural efficiency and farmers ' incomes。
I. Transfer
Strawberries rise around october 30th each year, plant in early november, field cultivation, harvest in mid-april and end in may. Rice seeded on may 18-20, mechanically moved in early june and harvested around october 25。
Ii. Varieties selection 1, strawberry
Strawberries are selected for high-yielding, high-quality, durable transport, fresh food processing and dual-use varieties, such as early birth, bf-2 and fragrance. Rice chooses super-paddy varieties that are high-yielding, stable and resistant, such as ningi 3, ningi 44。
Choose strawberry varieties that are high-quality, durable, resilient, disease-resistant, economically valuable and suitable for the local climate. Based on years of experimental cropping, the current options are:
Chocolate strawberries: the varieties are of high economic value, single production 1000 ~ 1500 kg/667 square metres, less pathological and high levels of powder。
Sweet charlie strawberry: the species is of high economic value, with a single product of 2500 to 3000 k/ 667 m2 and a high level of disease resistance, which is now the largest growing species。
Strawberries 2: the species is of high economic value, with 1,500 ~ 2,500 kg/267 m2 of monolithic production, generally resistant to disease and more severe powder。
In addition, newly introduced new varieties of small white strawberries show high economic value, high yields, 1,500-2000kg/667 square metres of single production, high levels of disease resistance, and high prospects for replication. The remaining varieties, such as milk strawberries, are experimental and sporadic。
Rice
On the basis of the actual situation, ihos 2115, 4245, 7633, kawasaka 178, and kawakawa 6203 are selected as standard two. Cultivation is appropriate in the form of dry breeding。
Dry-breeding beds are subject to more fully decomposed clothing, dry-breeded fields are selected for sunwind, half sand and half mud, easy drainage, clean water sources, and uncontaminated fields, preferably 1,000-1500 kg/667 square metres in advance of the farmer's diet in 2-3 months。
(c) crop tillers, 30 - 40 kg/ 667 square metres of phosphorous fertilization throughout the field, 500 kg/ 667 square metres of fire dust or skg/ 667 square metres of chronic fertilizer, and tilling at seeding. The compartments are opened on a 1. 7 m scale, with a width of 1. 3 m and are then finely flattened and flattened, using 50% digson 1000 times the fluid or other agents。
Strawberry cultivation technology 1, seedlings
Soils that are fertile and easily drained are selected as parent gardens. First plough fat soil, apply manure 60 t/ha, compound fat 750 kg/ha, till soil 15-20 cm, then flatten the dredge, 2 m wide, of which the ditch is 0. 2 m wide and 0. 2 m deep. 1 the hectares of daejeon have chosen to grow 1,500 good mother-plants with pure, well-developed roots and no viruses。
In early april, the plant began to be planted, with a mother plant at a distance of 0. 3 m, with a distance of 0. 5 m in two rows. After the strawberries had been planted, one line of corn was planted on each of the accelerators to cover the shade, with a distance of 0. 2 m, in case of high temperature injuries in july and august。
When the mother plantes, she has to pine, weed and water, and when the mother's buds appear, she has to remove them in time to concentrate the nutrients for the growth of the runners and seedlings。
2. Seedlings
At 1:10 pm, i left a seed field. Fertilizer application 30~45 t/ha, ash 22. 5 t/ha as base fat; post-crop platinum, with a width of 1. 0~1. 5 m. In mid-august, late in the afternoon, when the mother stretches five to six chickens, three to four per chicken。
Select the seedlings of the 2-3 leaf, 10 cm, 10 cm, 930,000 seedlings/ha. After planting, fill up the live tree and remove the old and sick leaves in the middle and later stages. The seedling phase should not be too fertilized to prevent the small seedlings from growing and falling。
3. Deplanting
In general, the tillage was turned up between the end of october and the beginning of november, and it moved from 5 to 15 november. Before planting, you apply base fat, you concentrate on the center of the pit, and then you don't follow fat. Base fertilizer application of ammonium carbonate 450 ~ 600 kg/ha, 25% compound fat 1,125 kg/ha, high-quality manure 37. 5 t/ha, pancake 600 kg/ha。
Standard strawberries: 6-8 green leaves, around 1. 2 cm root root, full of heart, developed, disease-free. Production uses medium-sized lifting machine tilling, with a bottom width of 0. 7 m, a ditch width of 0. 3 m, a height of 0. 25 m, a ceiling width of 0. 6 m。
Two rows per plant, at a distance of 0. 26 m, and about 76,500 hectares per plant. When planting, the seedlings are separated by the size of the seedlings, the distance of the seedlings is relaxed, and the seedlings are properly encrypted。
It's better not to plant too deep or too shallow, to reach deep, shallow and sour. Plantation should be careful of the direction of the strawberries, with the bumps facing the outside。
4. Post-plant management
When strawberries are moved, water is poured in time, ditches are poured in, water is not dried, so that the soil is deposited, and strawberries wake up. In order to prevent strawberries from getting colder in winter, the cover membrane warms when average temperature falls below 3°c on january 15th。
On or around february 15th, when daily temperatures rose to above 4°c, the detached membrane seedlings were found. In time to remove dead leaves, sick leaves, old leaves, and concentrate on burning or burying. When the flower results, you have to remove the raw runners in time, remove the four or five flowers and the non-effects, and try to multiply the product。
5. Harvest
Two thirds of the face is red, and the colour is picked in timely batches when hard and soft。
Iv. Paddy cultivation technologies
Numeracy criteria: 20 ~ 22 d, 3 ~ 4 leaves, 13 ~ 16 cm tall, careless 2. 0 ~ 2. 5 mm, 100 dw 3. 0 ~ 3. 5 g, root 12 ~ 15;
28 cm wide, 58 cm long, 2. 0 ~ 2. 5 cm thick, evenly balanced, quadrilateral quadrilateral vertically squared, no missing angles, absolute water content of 35 % ~ 45% of the pre-tip corset soil。
Slipping fields by 1:100, 15 d, pre-planting boards, board width 1. 4 m, grooves 20 cm wide, 15 cm deep, groove 25 cm wide, 20 cm deep, board demands flat, light, straight。
1 ha daejeon, 300~375 pallets, seeds 45. 0~52. 5 kg, membranes 63 m, straw several. The tan before seeding is 1~2 d, 5 kg of fresh water plus 25% of first-suspendant 4 g, 12% of the sluice powder 10 g, 16% of the slurry is 15 g, mixed up with 3~4 kg of rice and 48 h or more。
Fills the water-sucking seeds in a bag or piles them up, at a temperature of 32 ~ 35 °c to prevent high temperature sprouts。
The bed soil is soaking wet that the bottom of the bed is soaked, the plate is vertically vertically, two discs are lined up, and the disc and the disc are closely integrated. Two-and-a-half centimetres thick on the bed, flattening and evenling。
Wet 180 g per disk, evenly seeded, 70% seed, 30% seed. It's backsliding, and it's 0. 3-0. 5 cm thick, and it's good to see the seeds. The membrane is warm and humid, preventing rain. The grass prevents the burning of seedlings and leaves 30% of the membrane light on it。
2. Deplantation
Due to the high fertility levels of strawberry soils, the number of base fertilizers should be reduced, as appropriate, by 450 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha of ammonium carbonate applied to rice. It has a displacement density of 240,000-270,000 dens/ha, with a density of 3-5 per den, and a basic seedling of 900,000-1. 2 million hectares。
The depth of implantation is generally controlled at 0. 5 ~ 1. 0 cm. After planting 20-22 d seedlings, 28-30 d peaks, which are in the range of 4. 5 million plants/ha, with a 70 per cent stem rate。
3. Post-plant management
After planting, 7d aberration of the urea, 150 kg/ha. 15 d with urea 120 - 150 kg/ha. For the remaining leaves of 3. 0 ~ 3. 5, foliage is promoted, and the rice is used exclusively for compound fat 450 kg/ha. For leaves, urea 75 ~ 120 kg/ha at 1. 2 ~ 1. 5。
In the evening, after the sapling, the film was removed, and a ditch filled with water to make up for the lack of internal water. There is generally no water recharge in front of the diaphragm; the diaphragm until the second leaf establishes a ditch of water, keeps the plate wet and white, and the earth contains water and air, which is good for seedling roots;
The second and third leaves, depending on weather conditions, are used to run the horses, drain 2-3 d in front of the plant, make it easier to plug in. It's been a long time since i've seen it。
When the total number of tubers reached about 60 per cent of the expected number of ears between the period of seedling and the period of pregnancy, the field began to be dehydrated, the first time the field was fielded to 1 m on the edge of the field, the first time it was whitened, the second time it was run out of horse water, the second time it was grounded to the edge of 1 m on the edge of the field, the second time when there was a small crack in the ground, the hardboard in the field, and then after running the horse water, the field could grow and be extended depending on the fertility process。
The gestation period, the gestation period and the poaching period remain shallow. The rest of the period is dominated by dry and wet rotations and intermittent irrigation, with the field pouring down once a shallow water, until the soil is naturally dried up and then the shallow water layer. Before the harvest, 5-7 d was cut off, with the fear of premature cuts. The main diseases in the field are pyres, rice plagues, etc., and the second leaf of seedlings should be closely monitored and treated with timely medication。
Conclusion
(c) the selection of well-specified varieties, their characteristics and their distinctive characteristics. Strawberry fields should be cropped on a rotational basis for more than two years, with guaranteed drainage and high fertility. Precise management of the harvested strawberry plant can be done directly as seedlings for the next season。
Strawberry fruit is colorful, nutritious and popular, especially during new year's and spring festivals, and is very popular. Water-drying and drying in the anhum saddle hill area, and the development of long-spruced strawberries in large sheds, resulting in efficient cultivation and rice rotation。
Not only have they effectively contained the occurrence of strawberry disease and overcome its attendant obstacles, but they are also one of the important ways to stabilize food production and increase farmers ' earnings. In general, the tillage of land following the harvest of last year's rice was reduced to the planting of strawberries in sheds in early september and brought to the market at the end of december。
The efficiency gains of 1,500 kg of strawberry production per 667 m2 and approximately 450 kg of rice production over the two-year period totalled 667 m2 and ranged from $20,000 to $30,000。
