When it comes to beans, we should all be familiar, not only with their taste, but also with their appearances, which are particularly popular, as well as with the interest shown by many, so that they are planted and managed, but the results are not ideal, so how do we plant them? Let's take a look at it with the editor
I. Growing habits
In the summer, the temperature requirements vary according to the stage of development, with the seeding suitable for 16-25 degrees, with a minimum temperature of 3-4 degrees, with a maximum temperature of 30-35 degrees, generally requiring lower temperatures during the nutrient development period, with a minimum temperature of 14-16 degrees, while the flowering period requires 16-22 degrees, with cold conditions at the top of the ground if the temperature is low at 4 degrees, and the beans, although relying on root tumors to stabilize nitrogen in the air, still need to absorb a large number of elements for their development。
Ii. Solution
1. Precaution: bean is a deep-seated plant, which is carefully prepared before seeding, so that the land can be softened and so that it can be beneficial for the creation and expansion of the root causes. E. Vaccination of the pneumocococcal: equivalence of the pneumococcus before seeding can increase yield. They are vaccinated in the form of grains and land. Land vaccinations were carried from the soil planted earlier in the year, with about 50 kg of top soil, spread evenly in the sown ditch. Inoculation of particles is used to dilute root cancer powder with water during seeding, and then sows it with seed mixing. It is also broadcast with the earth in order to prevent the death of the root tumor。
3. The timing of planting is also different in different regions, with different cultivation methods, with rice fields in the south growing winter beans, planting at the time of harvesting rice, generally between cold and frost in the yangtze coast, and south china's double-season rice area around the snow, usually sowing in the north after the spring thaw. The density of seeding: the density of seeding is determined by factors such as the characteristics of the species, the purpose of planting, the level of application and the fertility of the land. It is rarer to collect a seed than to use green fertilizers or gavage, with a relatively high number of strains, branches, and long stages of development being shorter in size, and smaller intensities, which are more dense at the level of fertilizer and low fertility of the land, typically with a basic seed size of 10 to 13,000 per acre and a small seed of 24 to 25,000, with 10 to 12 kg per acre。
Iii. Cultivation methods
1. Management of seedage periods: the planting of seedlings during the seeding phase should be accompanied by a combination of seedlings to sow or control the water to a strong seedling, and should be soaked, strong, full-grown and glued with mudpeas fields, and should be followed immediately by the wetting of the grass. Management in the medium term: make predictions of pests and pests in a timely manner in order to prevent the infestation of grasshoppers and water management, implement field seedlings, remove sick and thin strains and ensure the growth of the group。
3. Management in the later stages: ensuring that the water requirements of the slurry period are maintained at 20-25 per cent of the land's water content and, if less than 18-20 per cent, in a timely manner, incipient and high-yielding fields, with core-capping at the tipping point of the final flowering period, which is conducive to ventilation, increased particle weight and early ripening. 4. Appropriate application of fertilizers: following sowing, the school fattening or small amount of straw per acre of 1500-2000kg, potassium sulphate per 25-3 leaf of soybean seedlings and calcium per 30kg。
5. Drought prevention: beans are more water-sensitive, are afraid of both flooding and drought, have poor growth and are prone to rust and adhesive diseases if the fields are poorly drained, and have a more severe impact on production if drought occurs, especially during flowering seasons. It is therefore necessary to combine developmental needs with immediate drainage to ensure harvest. 6. Phased harvest: bean maturation, starting at the bottom. If the beans are harvested as vegetables, they can be harvested three to four times from the bottom. If we harvest old ripe seed, we wait for a one-off harvest of the lower bean beans in most plants. After extraction, the seedlings of the peas should be rolled up immediately to maintain nutrition。
Iv. Pest prevention
Paraquat. (b) harmful characteristics: the mussels have a disease at all stages of development, but they are more severe in the acupuncture period, with their main infections occurring on the bottom of the bean or the stem base, as well as on the grafts, most of which occur on the side of the tuber or in the ring, leading to blackening of the tuber. Precautionary measures: 500 times more mercuric manganese zinc, 600-700 times more enzymes, 800-1,000 times more mercomanganese polypsychia or 1100-1200 times more methyl parathion, etc., began to be sprayed during the pre-disease phase. 2. Red spots. For hazard characteristics: first on the leaves is a small red spot, which gradually expands into elliptical or circular spots, and when severe, all parts become black and dry, with a black nuclei on the internal wall. Preventive measures: spraying of 1/2-100 bordeaux in the pre-disease phase. Backwards, 500 times more polybacterial spirits are sprayed around every other week, with a maximum of two to three times。
3. Rusty disease
(b) for the hazard characteristic: rusted on the leaves until the leaves were abated and all the strains were dried up when severe. Preventive measures: 50-60kg water can be sprayed with 50 g of rusty lint, 40-60 kg of liquid per acre, 15-20 days after application, one more application。
4. Decay
The disease is characterized by a blackening of the roots, small roots, yellow leaves, small side roots, accommodation of the strains and atrophy of the upper leaves. Preventive measures: 500 times more methyl tobuzin can be used to root in the pre-disease phase, 2-3 times the drug, with good prevention efficiency。
5. Brown spots
(b) infective characteristics: the disease can infect the leaf, tub, seed and beam of the bean, and the larvae of the freckle begin to appear, and then expands into elliptical or circular freckles, which are grey in the middle, with the edges of skin colour and tan, with a diameter of 3-8 mm, with the upper secret black showing the small particles in a wheeled form, and in severe cases they are mixed into irregularly large spots. Preventive measures: during the pre-incident phase, 600-800 times more methyl sulfur, or 500-600 times more ammonium fattening copper, etc., can be sprayed every other week and as many as one-two times。
6. Yellow atrophy
(b) harmful characteristics: initially, only one part of the plant was yellowed, while the other side was normal, the upper part of the tuber was gradually yellowed from the bottom to the top, which initially appeared green or green and then completely yellow. Precautionary measures: select the type of disease resistant and rotate. A mixture of sulfur suspension 500-600 times, or 500-fold polybacterium, or 350-fold gum-composed copper, each filling 500 ml, ends three days before harvest。
7. Anthrax
The disease consists mainly of a bad tuber, bean bean and leaf, which are scattered on the surface during the pre-injury stage, and then spread to 1-3 mm, with a light brown centre at the edge of red brown, mixed into large spots, 10 mm in size, irregular in shape to circular shapes, mostly restricted by the veins, with very little atrophy of the leaves and black spots at the later stage. Precautionary measure: 800-1,000 times the athrax, or 800-1200 times the mercuric manganese zinc, etc., sprayed before or during the pre-incident phase. Sprays are applied every other week, with as many as possible two to three times, ending three days before the harvest。
