Dong was an agriculturalist of great importance during the national period, and at the same time he created novels. To my knowledge, tung published five novels overseas. In addition to the two houses, there is the song lin expedition, the motion of condolence, the apo for cattle and the red prison. During my visit to the united states, i visited professor tung bao and was given a short list of books. It is worth mentioning that there is an entry on the front page of the book " tranquilla " , which indicates that the editor changed it without his consent. The original name of the novel was " pork stone " 。
Tung's novels, which revolved around rural life in china in the twentieth century, dealt with the issues of revolution, compassion, suffering, father-son conflict, the odyssey (research for home), land, revenge, humanity, salvation, and the torture of conscience。
The fact that dong was born in 1990 and that he was more than half a year old at the time of writing these novels, and that he has long lived abroad, and that the thinking about china has long been stereotyped or has a certain inertia, determines that some of his novels inevitably become an extension of old political views. There, literature is just a real reflection of reality. In theory of literature, weylek and warren refer to: “in a literary work, mathematic formation must add `real illusions', i. E. Aesthetic functions. The theme of "realism" is a technique of art. And in art, it's even more important than it is. This is actually an emphasis on the role left behind by fiction. From the aesthetic point of view, readers do not normally expect to read a novel solely for the purpose of education of creators。
Because i have studied the tung era more than before and am familiar with his various political and economic perspectives, i had the same fear when reading his novel at first. I even read in tung time's letter his criticism of his brother's time history, believing that tung would only be reasonable and not write novels. Dong time has translated and published hugo's "93 " , perhaps when he asked for it in the art standard of hugo's novel. As a matter of fact, when i read "the treasure of conversation" i found that the novels that dong used to read had a lot of resemblance to the paris notre dame's "93 " , which also used conscience as the mother of literature. It's the same reading experience that makes me believe in the special significance of studying novels. Not only did these rare words today enrich the personal expression of tung’s time, making his views more nuanced, but they also created a wealth of literary images, all of which were essential additions to china’s overseas literature or post-revolutionary literature for the twentieth century。
Two eggs for a cow
Tung's novels are essentially realistic, but one of them gives me a fantastic reading experience. This is po saves the cows with personal struggle as a literary theme. The english version of the book, ah bow and the water buffalo, was published by the diamond press in 1996. The taiwan commercial library published its chinese version in 1982。
The novel starts with the country's young chen po. Abouban is the son of the poor and lives in the apricot village on the south bank of yangjiang, where he spends his cattle in order to buy rice for the village. It's a buffalo because of po's carelessness, which was already thinner and stronger, and that gave him the nickname "big belly". Over time, po and the “big belly” slowly developed deep feelings and a crisis was looming. Because of his age and his inability to carry rice, he did not want to be a rice-crusher, so he wanted to sell the “big belly” to the cattlehouse。
After learning about this, po was shocked and scared. He cannot accept such a tragic outcome for a cow that grew up with him. So the story unfolded, and he tried his best to save the big belly。
Po came up with two ways: first, riding a cow. He felt, however, that there was little chance of success because the bull was too ambitious to be found and eventually killed, and he would become a petty thief. And the second way is to buy the big belly. Po was only 11 years old this year, and in a few days he will be his twelfth birthday. Mother told po he'd double his egg this year。
"these eggs are his own and his only money." what's next is how to trade back a cow with these two eggs. Poo wants to make the idea of "eggs to chicken, chicken to pig, pig to bull."。
On his twelfth birthday, po got two dirt eggs from his mother. At the same time, aunts living in the county went to the apricot village for their birthday. Po received an important message from her aunt: there is a provincial acre agricultural school near the county town, where a chicken (a flyer) produces a large quantity of eggs and can exchange them for eggs. Considering that local farmers do not accept chickens, teachers at agricultural schools sent eggs to po and taught him how to hatch chicks. With these eggs, po will soon get his first bucket of gold。
It's a tight and sweet story. At the end of the novel, the careful-minded bobo fulfilled his dream of “eggs to chicken, chicken to pig, pig to cow”. For more than six months, he had bought the “big belly” from the butcher, who had escaped the bad luck of being sent to the cattlehouse。
It's a story of what happens when there's a will。
As far as literature is concerned, po saves the cow is concerned with the fate of the family, as is two families. It is worth noting that the “whatever you want” here is actually the effort and achievement of generations. On the one hand, the two eggs were given by the mother to his son, bo, in the form of accumulation of wealth. On the other hand, there are two practical clues in po's save the cow: po buys the cattle and po's father chen xing buys the fields。
The novel described very carefully the great event of chen jia buying a field. The day bobo came home, he had a big dinner, he couldn't think of why, it was neither new year's eve nor the possibility of getting engaged. He didn't know until the next day:
Bao went to his house and chen xing was cleaning the bones, guacamole, cigarette butts, ash, paper, etc. Po asked, "why did you invite me last night?"
Chen hing extended his waist and said, "now i can tell you." he put the broom down against the wall and said with joy, “it was so crowded last night that he didn't tell you how things were going”. Bao saw chen xing's face as if the sun was rising, glowing bright, and suddenly became more serious。
"didn't i always say that if there is a will, then what?" chen xing went on to say, "i've set my will since i was a child, and i've set my will at your age, and i want to... I didn't expect...”
Chen hing's throat is jammed, po sees his eyes swollen and wonders if there's anything to be disappointed and sad about? Turning his head towards the broom against the wall, and a pile of bones and smokes on the ground。
“i had no idea what the ancients were saying was not a lie,” chen hing stopped for a while and said, “i was determined to buy a field, and i did it.” (74 pages)
Chen xing bought two acres of land from the villagers, asako zhao. And when bobo asked him why he didn't take the money to buy him a big belly, chen xing replied:
“the need to buy a field, not to be frugal, has saved a fortune for several years, which is still not enough, and to borrow from the butcher. There's not much to borrow, so next year's rice will be repaid. If you don't buy a field, you can buy a big belly. But for what? There is no land to till and no rice to run. Isn't it a waste to raise a cow?" (75 pages)
At this point, po's cattle rescue program has already gained some visibility. When he eventually bought the “big belly” through his own efforts, the father and the son realized the family's dream of fields that could be cultivated and cattle that could be ploughed. On the face of it, two clues tell the story of chen’s family’s hard work, which is actually a way for the reader to show how chinese farmers become rich from poverty。
Improved seed? Improved mind? - it's the zenith of tung
In china in the twentieth century, the transformation of “nationality”, the “bad roots” or “servileness” of chinese people was a joy to many. Even intellectuals who are determined to change the state and society, when confronted with the general public, often do not lose their high profile。
With regard to rural construction, there were two factions during the national period: civilian education and agricultural. The former are represented by yoon-yang and liang, and the new people are the main ones. The core of the “four majors of education” (culture, livelihood, health, citizenship) and “three main ways” (schools, society and the family) of the episcopal church is also “making people”. Although there is livelihood education in the “four educations”, these intellectuals do not have livelihood skills. To address the issue of farmers' “wieldliness”, they put “literacy education” first, rather than “life education” that addresses “poor” farmers. It's like maslow said, when a man has only one hammer, it's a nail。
In the eyes of these people, to complete the “national re-creation”, it is first necessary to change the situation of farmers who are “wild, poor, weak, private” and “deaf, blind, dumb”. In a sense, the diagnosis hides some kind of inversion. The backwardness of farmers is the result of the backwardness of national institutions, production methods and scientific and technological levels, not the backwardness of the country because of the backwardness of farmers. In short, it is the backwardness of complex times, not of simple individuals. If the causal relationship is reversed, it would be tantamount to another “moral persecution” of a farmer who has no right to speak, by cursing or complaining about the “low quality” of the farmer, or even denigrating them with humanity as “softness” and “selfishness”。
Unlike pei, although it has been a member of pei, the agricultural sector, represented by tung hak, has made it a top priority to help farmers to become rich and poor. They have specific agricultural knowledge and, in some cases, good professional training abroad. So, their main focus is on improving seeds, not farmers' minds. After decades, when yuan yongping's hybrid rice comes to life, china's agricultural production has increased dramatically, and we can see more about the meaning and value of improved seed pie。
On the other hand, tung tien is also an active promoter of real-life politics. He founded the magazine modern farmers, whose purpose is “to serve farmers”. (i) to convey knowledge that is useful to farmers and inspire their thinking; and (ii) to speak and speak for them”. In other words, the impact of modern farmers on farmers is more enlightening, helping and serving。
In both magazines and agricultural institutions, the main focus of the time is on how to advance the spread of agricultural production methods and good varieties. One of the important reasons why po was able to trade two eggs for a cow in apo's save the cow is that, through his own farming, he helped the provincial a-a farm school to promote new varieties such as flying chickens among farmers. Or rather, it was such a knot and dream that led to the novel " po save the bulls " . The provincial agricultural schools of a in the novel are apparently in the context of the jiangxi agricultural college. In the 1930s, during his time in charge of the compound, a number of foreign crops and poultry and livestock products were introduced and introduced to farmers。
Tung is a typical pacifist and reformist, and although he is intellectually helpful to farmers, he does not seem to be in line with other quality commentators. It is difficult to see what he is accusing farmers of, and more deeply sympathetic and physically helpful in reading the texts of the day, whether novels or politics. At the same time, he was not as eager to see heaven in a storm as some radicals, but ignored the fact that the ground was free of fruit and grain。
While tung may occasionally speak out for his deep internal concerns — as he argued with hu chi on how to combat it — he seems to be more able than hu chi to “do more to study the issues and less to talk about the ideas” and to “do more one drop at a time and reap the fruits”. Compared to hu hui, tung has economic expertise in agriculture, which was unexpected when he dropped out of agriculture at cornell university in due course. This is also one of the main criticisms that downer has just made of hu xi, a new cultural movement that “can turn the world upside down without a gun” after realizing that the lack of knowledge in economics has prevented him from studying specific issues in depth。
This deep civil patience has nothing to do with his personal experience. Dong was born in the rural area of sichuan tzejiang (now chongqing) and is well aware of the suffering of the people and the reasons for its formation. Unlike the rest of the poor, by the time the tung came into this generation, his father had moved out of poverty and even became a landlord, but the tung realized that this was also typical of the evolution from “egg to chicken, chicken to pig, pig to cow”. By studying at cornell university, he learned how to find better eggs for chinese farmers in order to produce more pigs and cattle. Such physical and physical activity is also the work of connell's agronomists. As in the case of the husband of pearl sae, bukkai, who came to china and focused on improving agriculture rather than preaching. This can be said to be a metaphor, rather than a trafficking ideology, for producing more food directly for farmers。
Rural utopia
Although po saves the cow does not write about saving the country, nor does he save society, nor even the individual himself, but rather a cow, the cow speaks too much about wealth, compassion and dignity. "an egg turns to a chicken, a chicken turns to a pig to a cow," a normal chinese chinese dream. Similar elements were included in living, a novel published in the 1990s. The father's words are often used to teach his son the bitter roots - “these two chickens grow into geese, geese grow into sheep, sheep grow into cattle. We're getting rich."
In the 20th century, there were many novels in china that focused on individual struggles as the subject of literature. Compared to the despair in the old frenzied novel, demolition, and the struggle in the recent 30-year-old novels, the plain world and the self-empowerment of individual grief, the apo saves the cow to the reader is a rural utopia. Compared to tung's other novels, po saves the cows, it's a different style. It's like an era. In the village of almonds, china, without the cruel and bloody revenge of the revolutionary era, without class struggles, with the warmth of the human veins everywhere, and with deep blessings and compassion for the realization of individual dreams。
And po became almost a beautiful chinese person. There are many details in the novel of a young buddha who lives in this remote part of the country, describing his compassion。
One day, both po and his cousin went to a puppet show at a temple in jiangbei, and on their way home they met a man who was beating a mule with a stick. When the mule did not move the car that was trapped in the pit, it fell into the mud. Because it knew it couldn't pull the car. “to kill it and not to drag it forward, as if it were dead”. Po looks like shit and feels like every stick is hitting himself. Owing to the close of the evening, and in order to catch the last ferry, po had to leave at the urging of dudu. However, it has been difficult for po to get over it for the past few days. He doesn't know the fate of that mule. He regrets that he did not do his best to help the driver with the cart, “he prefers to be covered in mud, not to go home, not to eat, not to feel guilty for a long time and never to feel sorry”. It was this guilt that made po determined to save the big belly. Otherwise he will always regret and never rest in peace. Moreover, as a result of some kind of companionship, the village's people compared “big belly” to “gold” po。
Moreover, there is no spoiler in po's pursuit of his dream. Here, parents, clans, and technical staff of county agricultural institutes are good people. It's really like the popular phrase, "if you know where you're going, the world will give you a way." there is no war, no social unrest and no real contradiction, and all the misfortunes and evils in reality are hidden. This is not china in reality, but china in tung's dream. It's a china that he believes he can transform in his way. The only problem here is poverty, which can be solved through individual struggles。
The reformers are always inexhaustible for peace and stability. In fact, the china that dong saw was full of turmoil. The agricultural institute in jiangxi province had to be interrupted because of the bombing by the japanese army. Soon after chongqing, the japanese army came to bomb again. As a result, his modern farmers magazine was blown up several times. The difficult times are no different from the fate of the great communiqué。
When i studied the information about the time and time of entry, i found out that they were all extremely naive. One is “nature of vision”, the other is “short of vision”, and some are angry with the intellectuals。
Unlike other novels from time to time, po saves the cow, there is almost no political discussion. It tells a wonderful story of inspiration, and it's so moving when it comes to what you want. When i read this little novel, i cannot help but lament that a good society is capable of providing a good institutional and social environment in which individuals can struggle. Like, "two eggs for a cow." dreams are always naive, but what if they happen
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