Deep tillage technology fertile ground: multi-track pathways and practical options for the upgrading of the quality of the nuts and twigs
Kim guangqiu
Anonna squamosa l., also known as lin, quizago and buddha. The fruit is unique, nutritious and well received by consumers. The country, which is mainly located in the provinces of hainan, guangdong, guangxi, fujian and yunnan, has become a niche industry. However, the maturation period for the twigs under traditional production patterns is highly concentrated between july and october. This period is characterized by high temperatures and heavy rains and frequent typhoons, which are detrimental to the quality of the fruits. High temperature significantly accelerates the respiratory strength of fruit and the rate of ethylene release, leading to accelerated post-harvest ageing, with a common temperature shelf period of only 5-7d for fruit, limiting its long-distance transport and market radiation range. At the same time, the concentration period from july to august overlapped with market peaks for large quantities of fruit, such as watermelons, twigs and dynamite eyes, resulting in high price volatility and unstable yields for fruit farmers. In recent years, there has been abuse of plant growth regulators in some production areas for early results, unity of fruit appearance or improvement of single fruit quality. The excessive use of cactin significantly reduces the soluble solid content of the fruit and the accumulation of total sugar, leading to a low taste of the fruit, the use of high concentrations of phenols to interfere with the normal post-climate process of the fruit, causing problems such as subsequent incoherence, softening anomalies and poor wind taste. The continued use of growth inhibitors affects the nutritional balance of the tree, creating an elemental absorption barrier to the fruit ore material, which ultimately damages the taste quality specific to the mussels. In response to the above, the study provides scientific and technical support for the upgrading efficiency of the millet industry through the systematic organization of plant management measures。
1 maternity reconciliation
An orderly transformation of tree nutrient growth and reproductive growth through the establishment of precise time sequences to ensure both the health of the tree and maximize the potential for quality improvement。
1. 1 summer fruit breeding
Winter shears were performed in february-march, when the tree bodies were at the end of their hibernation, were well nourished and the shearing stress was weak. (c) the use of a “combination of trimmed and short cut” to remove the inner corrugated branches and cross-over branches, so that the light of the foes is evenly distributed, with selective short-term extensions (one third to one/2), to promote branching. Immediately after trimping, the whole garden is cleaned and balanced fertilisation is carried out. Each application of balanced compound fertilizer (15-15) is 0. 5 to 1. 0 kg, combined with decomposed organic fertilizers 5 to 8kg, which restores the strength of the tree and nurtures a healthy spring and provides a continuous nutritional supply for quality fruit production。
1. 2 production of winter fruit
In june-september, summer cuttings were implemented, choosing a strong spring or half-wood side branch with a growth of 30 to 50 cm in the lower part of the tree canopy, keeping 6 to 10 cm (with 2 to 3 full sprouts) short and removing all the leaves simultaneously, effectively breaking the top edge, contributing to a redistribution of the tree's nutrients and tilting towards reproductive growth. Winter fruit is growing and developing in the autumn, when the temperature differential between day and night increases (generally from 8 to 12°c), significantly contributing to the accumulation of sugar, with moderate light intensity and a reduction in solar burns. Production practices have shown that the fruits are more evenly coloured in winter, that the fruits are more nuanced and that the fragrance of the wind has increased significantly。
1. 3 subtracting of winter fruit
In order to extend the supply period of winter fruit and reduce the single management pressure, a severing strategy could be used。
First trim (mid-june). In combination with the structure of the tree, the healthy springs are selected for standardized short-term leaf cutting on the basis of the detachment of the branches and the insect branches. Combined with precision artificial pollination, the fruit matures from october to november. In this period, the late-development temperature of the fruit is appropriate, with an increase in the temperature differentials between day and night, facilitating the accumulation of sugar and the formation of wind, the quality of the fruit and the increase in the market value by more than 30 per cent over the normal summer fruit。
Second trim (early mid-july). In parallel with the summer fruit-sniffing exercise, the selection of new strong branches for standardized trim. The fruit matures from november to december, with lower temperatures, longer growth periods, adequate accumulation of substances, effective avoidance of the high onset of summer diseases and pests, significant improvement in the cleanness of the fruit and corresponding reduction in pesticide residues。
Third cut (early august). In conjunction with the fruit harvest and the first two rounds of winter fruit berries, emphasis is placed on the cutting of mid-spring branches in the lower part of the tree canopy. Due to the proper shade of the upper lobes, solar burns caused by winter droughts and monsoons and strong light can be effectively mitigated. The concentration of fruit in the first half of january of the following year has resulted in a long and long period of accumulation of dry matter, which is characterized by an abundance of wind and odour of fruit, combined with high consumption seasons on new year's day and spring, with clear quality and price advantages。
2. Key technologies
The pelican bouquets are female and male, with natural seating rates ranging from 10 to 20 per cent. Artificial pollination is a key measure to improve production and the quality of fruit, which can contribute to an increase in fruit size, rounding and thickening of fruit and meat, as well as to a higher taste of sweetness. The effect of pollination can be further enhanced by the maintenance of technology through pollination and fine-tuning。
2. 1 powder collection and treatment
One to two d to collect bells of flowers before the flower starts, and in an ventilation environment of 25 to 28°c, 60 to 70% humidity, the balconies of one to two d to flower. Pollow can be collected at 4-8°c or stored with dry agents to prolong their vitality。
2. 2 time and operation for pollination
It is appropriate to pollinate ordinary sorghum (e. G. Sorghum) at 6 a. M., and for varieties such as pineapple liga at 16:00 p. M. During the operation, pollen is extracted from soft brushes or processed cotton stickers, which are softly painted on the plume with milk white, sticky flowers, and pollinated two to three times each。
2. 3 regulating the use of plant growth regulators
2. 3. 1 controlling flowers
In the summer and autumn, when trees flourish, multiple-activated acetate (800 - 1,000 mg/kg), ethylene (300 - 500 mg/kg) or alkyl (150 - 200 mg/kg) are processed with precision。
The first application must take place after the new leaf is completely ripe and avoids its harmful effects. Follow-up to the application of the `spring up control' principle. Multi-active acetylene, ethylene; moderate formulations such as fentanyl, acetamine, etc. May be used in the intermediate and later stages to reconcile the tree balance with s-inducing resistance。
2. 3. 2 culturing and quality control
In order to address the problem of small crop yields caused by the regulation of production periods, unreasonable loads of trees or climatic factors, the use of plant growth regulators to produce fruits can be regulated, but their effect is “aided expansion” rather than “substitute nutrition”. 20-50d, using cactin (80mg/l) +6-gimazine (40mg/kg) + 3 times a mixture of sodium nitronol (400mg/kg) (range 10-15d), enhances the mass of single fruit and does not have a significant negative impact on quality. The reduction of sugar and wind tastes at concentrations above 150 mg/kg or phenol up to 32 mg/l should avoid single high concentrations of use and promote low concentrations of mixing and enhanced fertilizer management。
2. 4 frustration and bagwork
2. 4. 1 discovery and finality
After the basic end of the physiological fallout (usually four to six weeks after the flower), the fruit sits steady. First, all malformations, insects and mechanical damage; second, the obscurant berries; lastly, according to the principle of “more branches and less fruit for the weak”, the weak branches (< 0. 5 cm in diameter) do not bear fruit, the middle branches (0. 5 - 1. 0 cm in diameter) do so, the strong branches (1. 0 cm in diameter) do so with a maximum of two fruit, and ensure that the final fruit is not less than 15 cm in length to ensure that each fruit has sufficient nutritional space and light。
2. 4. 2 fruit packs
The fruit pack should be immediately followed by the fruit pack, which is recommended in the form of a double bag, "no-exceed cow paper bag and x-ray anti-verbicide veil bag". Cowpaper bags create a micro-dark environment that promotes thinning of fruit skins, evenly coloured velvets, and physically prevents fruit flies and reduces pesticide use. The bilayered structure also provides a temperature buffer for the fruit and mitigates the effects of the cold. The bag should be preceded by a wide-spectrum low-toxicide application (e. G., 70 per cent of the methyl sulphate filamentable powder 800 times or 50 per cent of the more than 600 times the filamentable powder), with a focus on the sprayed fruit face, and the bag should be completed on the day after drying。
2. 5 fertilizer management
Fertilizer management is an important foundation for the quality of fruit and should be guided by the principles of “re-application of base-based fertilizers and the pursuit of fertilizers; promotion of combinations and supply of water on demand”。
2. 5. 1 fertilizer management
Base fertilizer is the basis for all year-round nutrient supply and flavor formation. Usually applied after harvest or after winter clean-up. Each open ring or radioactive gutter is applied to the manure of a grown farmer from 5 to 10 kg, or to the commercial organic weight from 10 to 15 kg, with a balanced combination of 0. 5 kg and 0. 5 kg per phosphate. The application of organic fertilizers not only provides comprehensive nutrition, but also improves the granular structure of the soil, strengthens the vitality of the plant and promotes the synthesis and accumulation of fruity and windy substances. Three key competitions throughout the year are critical to quality formation. 1) spring / flower fertilisation: after spring chumping or flowering, a combination of 0. 5 to 1. 0 kg of balanced fertilizer is applied to each plant to promote the growth of scavengers. 2) cultivated fertilizer (after summer cut): after the summer shearing, new hairs begin with the application of 0. 3 to 0. 5 kg of high-phosphorus compound fertilizer (10-20 to 10) to promote thawing. 3) growing fruit fat: 30-40d after flowering, when the fruit enters a period of rapid expansion, a combination of 0. 5-1. 0 kg of high potassium is applied, and the potassium element plays a key role in the transfer and accumulation of sugar. This period is complemented by moderate trace elements such as calcium, magnesium and boron, which enhance the quality of the fruit and its sustainability。
2. 5. 2 water management
The root roots of the pelican branch, although somewhat drought-resistant, are sensitive to hydrocoercion, especially during the flower season, which directly affects the quality of the fruit. Vegetable seasons should maintain soil humidity, with water holding in fields suitable for 60-70 per cent. The use of drip irrigation or microjet is recommended to ensure even water supply. The rainy season should ensure open drainage and prevent the accumulation of water in gardens. Before and after the implementation of the control measures, moderate hydrocoercion (40%-50% of the soil) is conducive to inhibiting nutrient growth. Prior to irrigating the flowers, re-watering the soil after a mild drought-coercing cycle can promote flowering signals and improve the quality of buds. In winter, the tree body enters a semi-sleep period, and the water should be properly controlled and the soil kept slightly dry, facilitating the accumulation of tree nutrients and the separation of buds。
2. 6 integrated pest management
Insisting on a “preventive, integrated” approach to plant protection, combining a range of preventive and control measures to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and ensure the quality of fruit。
2. 6. 1 agriculture control
Improve drainage systems in orchards and reduce humidity in gardens. Clean up pests and pests in the garden in a timely manner, reduce the primary source of the infection, and carry out thorough gardening during the winter。
2. 6. 2 physical control
20-30 yellow-blue sticky boards per acre, booby traps, etc., aphids, etc. Each 3. 3 hm2 (50 acres) is equipped with an amplified insecticidal lantern, which leads to the insectization of the wings. Use of fruit packs to prevent the pests of the drill。
2. 6. 3 biological control
Application of entrapment entrapments to interfere with pest mating. The release of natural insects such as wedges and dictums to control pest density, while the planting of honey source plants provides a habitat for natural insects。
2. 6. 4 chemical control
(b) strict adherence to pesticide use norms, preference for high-efficiency low-toxicants, emphasis on rotation of the different action machines, strict compliance with safety intervals to ensure the safety of fruit consumption. It would be advisable to choose after 16:00 to avoid the harmful effects of high temperatures and to avoid flowering and daily pollination。
Summary
Through the systematic collection of core technologies such as adult pollination, precision regulation, green control, etc., the production period of the mussels was successfully regulated to fall winter. Not only have adverse weather conditions and market risks in the summer been effectively circumvented, but they have also resulted in a significant increase in the commercial appearance of fruit, inherent quality and storage performance, providing a strong scientific and technological support for industrial efficiency and farmers ' incomes。
