Technical overview
(i) technical fundamentals
Sweet corn is one of the varieties of corn, also known as vegetable corn, graft and corn. Because of its rich nutritional, sweet, fresh, brittle and tender characteristics, it is popular with consumers at all levels. In recent years, the production and market of sweet maize in hainan province has grown rapidly, with an area of 346. 8 million acres cultivated throughout the province in 2021, of which 210,000 acres were cultivated in orientale city, accounting for 60. 55 per cent of the province. Excessive fertilization, inaccuracies in fertilization periods, unbalanced fertilization structures and poor fertilization methods are prevalent in the process of growing sweet maize, leading to increased production costs, environmental pollution in agriculture and declining cropland quality. During the “13th fiveth” period, sweet maize became a niche pro-poor industry in the eastern city and is now an important pillar of rural renewal throughout the city. In february 2022, it entered the menu of athletes at the beijing olympic games。
The efficiency-enhancing techniques of sweet maize fertilizer reduction, which replaces fertilizers with soil formulas and organic fertilizers, reduce the incidence of irrational fertilization and achieve the purpose of production by means of scientific fertilization measures, such as precision fertilization and increased organic fertilizers; soil fertilization is the core of the efficiency-enhancing techniques of fertilizer reduction, building a system of indicators and experts for sweet corn fertilization through soil surveying, testing, formulation, validation, guidance on fertilization, etc., and developing guidelines and dissemination models for sweet corn fertilization techniques and models to achieve “science, economy, efficiency, ecology, safety”. The core of the technology, “sweet corn production technology in the east city”, was published in may 2012 in the journal of modern agricultural technology; “sweet corn production technology in the south-west of hainan province”, in september 2013 in the chinese agricultural information journal; and “study on green high production technology for sweet corn in hainan”, in july 2019。
(ii) technology demonstration promotion
A demonstration of efficiency gains in sweet maize fertilizer reduction has been carried out in the towns of orient board bridge, perception city, eight, four or more, three, and is currently in the range of 100,000 acres, with good demonstration results. This technology model can be replicated throughout the province。
(iii) efficiency gains
The 2019-2021 pilot demonstration showed that the technology acres could reduce urea by 3-5 kg, compound fertilizer by 4-7 kg, with an increase of 7. 5-14. 1%, and an increase of 270-440 yuan/acre by utensils, compared to the conventional fertilization of farmers. At the same time, soil physico-chemicality can be improved, soil organic content improved and sweet maize production and quality improved。
Ii. Technical elements
(i) land as a whole
More than 20 days earlier, the soil was tanned, with 50 to 100 kilograms of lime per acre, and the floor was torn and tan. The flood-prone areas are designed for broad and narrow cultivation, with a wide range of 130 cm (garters), a narrow line of 40 cm, a high height of 30 cm, a flat surface and a dredge of earth. Dry slopes can be unscathed and then levelled and spread at the same distance by opening a ditch every about 70 centimetres。
(ii) fertilizer management
1. Base fat. Before seeding, the land was released in a ditch on a planned plantation. The base weight is applied to fully decomposed, high-quality agricultural or commercial organic weights of 500-1,000 kg, phosphate of 40 kg, borosa of 0. 5-0. 75 kg, and triple compound fat of 10-15 kg。
Following fat. On the basis of the application of foot-based, seed-based fertilizer, the application of light seedlings, the application of decomposition (cracking), the re-fertilization of the horns (cracking), and the re-energizing of the pellets. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium co-apply, ratio 1:0. 3-0. 5:0. 8-1. Total nitrogen quantity is within 15-20 kg/acre。
2. 1 light application of fertilizers: 3-4 kg of urea per acre and 1,500 kg of decomposed manure for the 3-4 leaf period. After 5-7 days, 5-7 kg of urea per acre and 7. 5 kg of potassium chloride were fertilized and the soil was produced。
2. 2 spectrum fertilisation: based on the strength, fertilization is determined, urea 8-10 kg, potassium chloride 12-15 kg for the 8-10 altimer period, and fertilization is followed by small-scale cultivation。
2. 3 re-emergence of loudspeaker fattening: 10-15 kg of urea per acre plus 8-10 kg of potassium chloride, 15-20 kg of complex fertilizer (n:p2o5:k2o=15:15:15) attack daeho。
2. 4 replenishment of urea 6-8 kg during the filament period, potassium chloride 6-8 kg of bulk, followed by an appropriate application of 0. 1-0. 2% of zinc sulfate and 500-800 times of potassium phosphate on the basis of the length of the plant to ensure that the plant is strong and the seed is full。
(iii) water management
Water management should be strengthened, water should be pumped in accordance with soil conditions, soil moistification should be maintained during seedling periods, mainly in the form of dry wet shifts, pollination and slurry periods are water-sensitive periods, and soil moisture should be maintained. Soil moisture is maintained at about 60 per cent during the seeding period and 80 per cent after the extraction, i. E. The soil is wet. The soil is filled with water in a timely manner when it is dry, and during rainy days it is necessary to ensure that trenches are drained in a timely manner。
Appropriate areas
Sweet corn-growing areas such as east and ledong, hainan province。
Iv. Notes
(i) the selection of organic fertilizers must be based on the choice of a qualified and tested product and the application of organic fertilizers should be based on the principle of even application; the selection of phosphorus fertilizers should be recommended in order to avoid the use of calcium phosphate。
(ii) in addition to the application of chemical fertilizers, saplings should be followed up with appropriate quantities of decomposed manure and bread fattening. For saplings in saplings, they should be given preferential food and extra fattening to enable them to recover quickly. We're gonna have to get fat and grow in time。
(iii) premature and early fattening of the seeding season, which allows the maize to grow thick and strong; female and male ears to form, and it is not too late to catch up with them, in order to prevent loss of weight and early decay; and late-tracking, in appropriate quantities, to prevent corruption and late ripening。
(iv) sand soils, particularly sand, should not be subject to overweight at a time, and should be followed in instalments to reduce leakage and volatile losses. Go after fatty。
Technology-based units
(i) name of unit: agricultural service centre, eastern city
Address: 37 agricultural road, eight towns in orientale city, hainan province
Postal code: 572,600
Contact: wang li
Contact: 0898-25522215
E-mail dfnyfwzx@163. Com
(ii) unit name: institute of rubber, chinese academy of tropical agriculture
Address: 4th west college, longhua city, haikou city, hainan province
Postal code: 571101
Contact: zhang yong-hwa
Contact number: 0898-66961250
E-mail zhyfa02@163. Com
