Synopsis of a number of confusing war terms in teaching materials
In history teaching, i found that many students were unaware of the relationship between the yellow sea war and the midday war, and even equated the yellow sea war with the midday war, reflecting a lack of a real understanding of the war-related terminology that often emerges in history learning, such as war, battle, war, war, strategy, tactics, etc. This paper provides a summary of these terms and explores their relationship. The difference between these terms is felt in the minds of all, without a single human being, and the basis for the extensive collection of materials has been systematized for the benefit of readers。
First, war, battle and combat, the terms appear more frequently in educational materials. The modern chinese dictionary interprets war as armed struggle between peoples, nations and nations, class and class or political groups and political groups. War is a common historical phenomenon that has not stopped since the emergence of humankind. The opposing parties engaged in organized, systematic and large-scale violence to gain a certain political and economic advantage, and the militarist karl von klausević famously said that war was the continuation of politics and that it was often politicians, not soldiers. **** in the enduring war, the phrase was used to suggest that politics is a bloodless war, and that war is a bloody politics. War is subordinated to war (http: \\/baike. Baidu\/view\13902. Htm "\t" blank) and affects the war in its entirety to varying degrees. The modern chinese dictionary defines the battle as the sum of a series of battles carried out in a given direction and for a certain period of time, in accordance with a unified plan of operations, in order to achieve certain strategic objectives. It follows from this that the concept of war (http: \\/baike. Baidu\/view\13902. Htm "\t" blank) is the largest, and that if war is compared to a book, the battle is a chapter in the book, and fighting is only a page of the book, and war is generally a case of war, battle or combat. The yellow sea in the history books is a battle, the most powerful chapter of the midday japan war. In the war against japan, the communist party of china led the 8th road army, the new four after their enemies insisted on guerrilla warfare, and the japanese army fought on a modest scale, largely in the context of combat. The centrifugal war is a large battle, a battle and an offensive one。
Warfare is also part of the war, which is interpreted in the modern mandarin dictionary as a duel between the main forces of the war in a given region and time. There are similarities between combat and battle, but there is considerable specificity in their use. The chinese communist party and its leading people's army rarely use the term “warring” and resort to a variety of battles, such as the battles of weihai and hinzin, with the corresponding names of the national party being tsui and hinzin. The term “confrontation” appears more frequently in the history of anti-japanese wars, such as the war of war, the war of war, etc. According to statistics, there were 22 general wars between the national party and the japanese army during the war against japan. World wars are often used in the history of world wars, and in two world wars, the term “war” is frequently used, such as the man river, the kursk。
War and armed conflict are also associated. A state of war usually begins with a declaration of war and ends with a truce or a peace agreement. Once a state of war has been reached, relations of diplomatic relations, economic trade and so forth between the belligerents have been severed, agreements entered into have been suspended and diplomats and nationals have been withdrawn. The hague convention no. 3 of 1907, the convention on the beginning of war, provides for a declaration of war prior to war. However, this provision has not been universally recognized and strictly observed in modern warfare. In order to gain military advantage and political advantage, and to avoid legal responsibility for waging war, belligerents tend to suddenly attack and wage undeclared war, such as the japanese aggression against china in 1931 and 1937, the german offensive against poland in 1939, the german attack against the soviet union in 1941 and the japanese attack on pearl harbor in 1941. In the war against japan, the national government did not officially declare war with japan until 9 december 1941, for various reasons. But china and japan are in a state of actual war. Armed conflict, also referred to as military conflict, refers to the use of force between states or armed groups to resolve conflicts between parties. Armed conflicts do not declare war and do not constitute a state of legal war. In the case of an armed conflict between states, diplomatic relations may not necessarily be severed or the original treaty concluded suspended. Since the establishment of the new china, the soviet union, india and other neighbouring countries have had armed conflicts with our country。
Strategic and tactical, this group of terms is also difficult to understand. The modern chinese dictionary interprets the two terms as guiding the planning and strategy of war as a whole and the principles and methods of warfare, and it is often known that “flexible `strategic tactics'” refers to the methods that guide war, battle and combat. The term “strategy” is ancient in china and dates back to sun's book of sun's warfare in the spring and autumn. At the end of the nineteenth century, china began to use the term “strategy” to translate the western term “strategy”. In the 1930s, **** in “strategic issues of the chinese revolutionary war”, it was stated: “strategic issues are the subject of a study of the whole pattern of war.” the basis for a modern definition of the term “strategic” was laid down. The relevant strategic studies are the disciplines that guide the general military struggle. It is at the forefront of military academia and directs and directly influences combat and tactical science. Tactics are the theory and practice of preparation for combat, and strategies and tactics are the dialectical unity. A strategy-wide approach, without strategic direction, is a blind tactic, and the outcome of a tactical approach affects the success of the strategy。
The last group of terms are war crimes and war criminals. War crimes are those committed with intent to provoke war for the private gain of individuals or groups or in violation of the laws and customs of war, including crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, etc. War criminals are those who wage unjust wars or commit serious crimes in war. War criminals cannot be equated with losers, and war determines who stays, but does not indicate who is right。
Introduction by the author: shincheng kaya, a history teacher at jiangsu shui high school, graduated from the department of history at nanjing university in 2007. Three years of teaching have been devoted to the teaching of history in the first, second, third, first and second grades, with a certain amount of teaching experience. More than 50 papers were published in the high school history journal, the new high examination, and the general steering centre for middle school, and participated in the preparation of the five years of painting: an unsolved enquiry, the review of western historics and the preparation of the great european dictionary。
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