Cars have long been transformed from luxury goods into a step-by-step tool for families, but many of them still know their favorite cars. Drives only on gas brakes, keeps the 4s shop in check, and in the event of a glitch, it is easy not only to spend money, but also to bury a security hazard。
In the most common language, the core knowledge of skvs, from basic construction to maintenance, from frequent malfunctions to vehicle error, helps you truly read your own car and become a clear and clear owner。
I. Car heart and brain: core system resolution
A car consists of tens of thousands of spare parts, but its core can be grouped into four main systems, which work together and determine the power, control, safety and comfort of the vehicle。
1. Power systems: car "heart"
Power systems are a source of energy for cars and consist mainly of engines and gearboxes。
- engines: conversion of fuel chemistry to mechanical energy, driving vehicles. There are currently two types of mainstream engines:
- natural inhaling engine (na): simple structure, high reliability, smooth power output, low maintenance costs and suitable for daily household use。
- turbo: increased gas intake through turbines that can export more power under the same charge, with relatively lower fuel consumption, is now the dominant choice。
- the gearbox: called the "speedbox" of the car, which regulates the speed and twist of the engine so that the vehicle can obtain the best power output at different speeds. Common types include:
- manual gear transformer (mt): highly controlled, fuel-efficient, low-cost maintenance, but complex。
- automatic speedbox (at): technically mature, highly reliable and smooth, but slightly higher fuel consumption。
- ungraded gear transformer (cvt): the switch was unblocked and very fuel-efficient, but could not bear the big twist。
- double-disconnected transmission vans (dcts): fast and efficient, but low speeds can be frustrated。
2. Undercarriage system: car skeleton
The chassis, which is the basis of the car, carries the body and all the spare parts and determines the conduct and comfort of the vehicle. It includes, inter alia:
- hanging systems: connect wheel and body, absorb bumps and smoother travel. Common are the mcphersons, the double fork arm, and the multi-lined stick。
- braking systems: one of the most important security systems is responsible for slowing and parking vehicles. It consists mainly of brake plates, brake blades, brake cards and brake oil。
- shifting to systems: controlling the direction of vehicles, most of the models now use electric power to shift towards lighter and more accurate。
3. Electrical systems: car brain and nerve
Modern cars are becoming more intelligent and the importance of electrical systems is becoming more prominent. It includes:
- bottles: electric power for vehicle start-up and all electrical equipment, with a normal service life of 3-5 years。
- generators: vehicular vehicles are charged with electric cylinders and electrical equipment。
- euu (electronic control unit): the "brain" of a car, which monitors and controls in real time the work of various systems, such as engines, gear tanks, brakes, etc。
- sensors: distributed in all parts of the vehicle, collecting data on speed, speed, temperature, pressure, etc., and transmitting them to the eu。
4. Body system: "shell" and "seap" of the car
Not only does the body look like a vehicle, it also plays an important role in protecting the safety of the passengers. It includes:
- body structure: designed with high-strength steel and inhalation, effective absorbing of impact and protection of the insiders in the event of collision。
- safety configurations, including seat belts, airbags, abs death protection system, esp body stabilization system, etc., are important safeguards for road safety。
- comfort and comfort configurations, such as seating, air conditioning, sound, navigation, etc., to enhance driving experience。
Ii. The truth of common malfunctions: stop being fooled
Small problems inevitably arise in the use of vehicles, many of which are nervous when they hear malfunctions and prone to over-maintenance by maintenance stores. Knowing the truth about these common failures can help you to spend a lot less。
1. Engine failure lights
This is the most common sign of failure, but it does not necessarily mean that the engine has a major problem。
- common reasons: failure to tighten the oil tank cover, low-quality gasoline, failure of oxygen sensors, ageing of spark plugs, etc。
-** method of handling**: if the vehicle is moving normally, there are no abnormalities, such as shaking, noise, etc., it is possible to tighten the oil tank cap first and then see if the malfunction lights are out after a distance. If the failure lights remain on or the vehicle is abnormal, they are checked at the maintenance shop。
2. Sudden increase in fuel consumption
Many owners will find their fuel consumption increasingly high, which is usually not a problem for the vehicle itself, but rather a result of:
- driving habits: accelerator, brakes, frequent start-ups are the main reasons for higher fuel consumption。
- vehicle status: low tire pressure, severe tyre wear, air core plugs, spark plugs, etc。
- environmental factors: low winter temperatures, air conditioning in the summer and urban congestion can lead to higher fuel consumption。
Brake noise
Brakes are a problem for many drivers, and most of them are not big problems。
- normality: new brakes require grinding, impurities on brakes, rusty brakes, etc. Can cause minor noises, and more brakes will disappear。
- situations requiring maintenance: sharp sound, persistence, or vibrations and weakness in brakes, indicating severe wear and tear and the need for timely replacement。
4. Vehicle shaking move
The vehicles are shaking in cold vehicles and in hot vehicles。
- cold car shakes: a slight twitching of the engine at the start of the cold car is normal, as the temperature of the water is not up to standard, the burning is inadequate and the heater will return to normal。
- heat vehicle shaking: if the heat vehicle continues to experience severe shaking and a lack of speed, the rate is probably due to excessive carbon accumulation, the ageing of spark plugs and damage to engine foot and foot。
Iii. Guide to scientific maintenance: maintenance by cycle, cost-effective and protective vehicles
The best way to maintain the vehicle is to maintain it not as hard as possible, nor as expensive as possible, and to maintain it scientifically in accordance with the cycle prescribed by the manufacturer. The following is a generic vehicle maintenance cycle table, which may vary slightly between models, based on the vehicle maintenance manual。
Maintenance period maintenance project
| 5000 km/6 months | replacement of oil, oil filtration cores | selection of oil labels suitable for your vehicle, not blindly pursuing high signs |
| 100km/12 month | replacement of air filter cores, air conditioning cores | air filter cores affect engine inflow, air conditioning cores affect air quality in vehicles
| 2000 km/24 month | replacement of petrol cores, examination of brake systems | check of brake blade thickness, brake fluid level and quality
| 40000/48 months replacement brake oil, spark plugs | brake oil is water-absorptionable and must be replaced on time; spark plugs vary slightly depending on the mass of the material and the replacement cycle
Change gear tank oil, anti-freeze fluid, time belt, if any
Important reminder: the maintenance manual is the most scientific maintenance guide developed by the manufacturer based on the characteristics of the vehicle, and all maintenance should be based on the maintenance manual and not on "over-maintenance" advice from the repair shop。
Four, 90% of all car owners are in the wrong zone
Many of the seemingly correct car usages are in fact wrong and cause serious damage to vehicles in the long run. Here's the most common car error zone
Miss 1: the more oil the better
Many owners believe that the more oil the oil is, the better the engine is protected. In fact, the viscosity of oil should be selected according to the environment in which the vehicle is used and the requirements of the manufacturer. High viscosity increases the operational resistance of engines, leading to higher fuel consumption and reduced power。
Mistake 2: the additive will cure the disease
There is a wide variety of fuel additives and oil additives on the market, which claim to remove carbon, boost power and save fuel. Indeed, most additives have very limited effects and may even cause damage to engines. Regular maintenance and the use of high-quality fuel are the best way to protect engines。
Zone 3: the more you wash the car, the better
Frequent car washes can damage the protective layer of the paint surface of the vehicle, resulting in loss of light and accelerated ageing. Generally, a car wash is sufficient once a week, and when it rains it is done in time to prevent rain from corrosive paint。
Miss 4: the steering wheel is not positive when parking
If the wheel is not right at the time of parking, it will keep the steering system in a state of stress and, in the long term, it will result in the diversion of poles and tires to deformation, affecting vehicle manipulation and safety。
Zone 5: car wash immediately after sunbath
In summer, when the vehicles are tanned in the sun and the temperature of their paint is high, the car is immediately washed with cold water, which can lead to hot and cold swelling, cracking and falling. Car wash should wait until the car cools。
Future trends in car technology development
As science and technology continue to advance, the automobile industry is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. Future cars will move in the direction of electricization, intellectualization, networking and sharing。
1. Electricization
New energy vehicles have become a global trend in the automobile industry. Purely electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are becoming more sophisticated in technology, with continued miles increasing and charging facilities improving. In the future, fuel trucks will gradually be replaced by new energy vehicles。
2. Intellectualization
Automatic driving technology is a central direction for future car development. Currently, l2 level auxiliary driving has become widespread in many models, including self-adaptation cruises, lane maintenance, automatic brakes, etc. In the future, automatic driving at the l3, l4 and even l5 levels will become a reality, making driving easier and safer。
3. Networking
The vehicle network technology connects cars to the internet and allows for interaction between vehicles and vehicles, vehicles and roads, vehicles and people. The future car will become a mobile smart terminal, providing multiple functions such as navigation, entertainment, office, life services, etc。
The car is a complex mechanical system, but it is not difficult to understand it. Some basic knowledge of cars not only allows you to spend less money while using them and raising them, but also enables you to detect their safety risks in a timely manner and to ensure the safety of your travel and that of your family。
It is hoped that this article will help you to better understand your car and make every trip safe and smooth。
