Editor's note: the country is a vast country, with significant differences in the production of resources from different regions and types of cropland, in which the cultivation of water fields plays an important role in the development of our agricultural economy. The regulations for the implementation of the law on land management specifically emphasize the protection requirements for quality arable land, which has become an important component of arable land as a resource with the greatest potential for production in terms of the type of land used. However, due to the special nature of the water field type and the long period of time during which it has evolved, its renewable function and its vulnerability to damage to its resources during the utilization process, emphasis should be placed on the rational use and protection of its resources。
I. Location of water resources
(i) waterfields are an important and high-quality agricultural resource in our country
Water fields are stable, natural endowments are good and of high quality. China has a history of rice cultivation over over 7,000 years, with high-quality, high-yielding and stable rice fields that have been grown over a long period of time. National rice production currently accounts for about one third of total food production. Under subtropical and tropical climatic conditions, crops can satisfy a year of tradable or trimonic production, and because of the abundance of precipitation and heat, the abundance of irrigation sources and the high level of monolithic crop production, they play a crucial role in alleviating the population's pressure on land, meeting its food needs and ensuring national food security。
(ii) waterfield is an important quality wetland resource in our country
Waterfields are not only a high-quality cropland resource, but are also an important part of wetland resources and have a high capacity for ecosystem services. Rice fields are the largest artificial wetland ecosystem on earth, and many of our distant sea areas are predominantly rice fields, not rivers, lakes and non-farm wetlands. In addition, water fields, which have the function of “renals of the earth”, play an important ecological function in cleaning the environment, regulating the climate, maintaining water sources, maintaining soil, preserving biodiversity and embodying landscape culture, with ecosystem services of higher value than other types of cropland。
Ii. Quality water resources in guangdong region
(i) blind recultivation after “non-farming”, affecting sustainable use of water fields
In recent years, with the country's economic progress, the process of urbanization has developed rapidly, with an increasing number of high-quality water fields being occupied and threatened by “de-farmation”. Although our system of cropland supplementation provides for “optimal supplementation and rehydration”, the absence of the necessary coercive measures and controls has led to blind recultivation, which tends to be less of a quality than long-term cultivation, less sustainable use and less efficient replacement of high-quality water fields。
(ii) “non-food” utilization to reduce the quality of water fields
With the vigorous development of rural renewal in the country, the phenomenon of “de-foodization” has become prominent in the context of agricultural restructuring. In pursuit of greater economic efficiency, a large number of high-quality water fields have been transformed into cash crops, such as fast-growing wood and fruit-bearing forests, which have destroyed to a great extent the ecological environment that has been stable for many years. In this context, the quality of the fields has been significantly reduced, and even the lack of restoration of the conditions for cultivation has greatly affected their sustainable development。
Iii. Focus of the three-year programme of action for the reclamation of water fields in guangdong province
In accordance with the three-year programme of action for the reclamation of water fields in guangdong province (2021-2023) issued on 27 april 2021, guangdong province will encourage the cultivation of more water fields on this basis in accordance with the requirements of the “equivalent and subsidized fields”。
In order to achieve better utilization of water resources, the following elements are proposed:
In order to repossess and reclaim. (c) strengthen spatial planning and control, strictly control new and occupied agricultural land, and direct all areas to no or no less good agricultural land, such as water fields. In the light of the situation of the reserve resources and the need to balance them, scientific plans for the reclamation of water fields have been drawn up to form a reverse mechanism through “restitution”。
The municipalities are the main ones, with provincial support. The various construction projects, which account for the water fields, should be implemented by the municipal and district governments of the project。
Locally appropriate and integrated. Priority needs to be given to the inclusion of good natural conditions, in particular good water and soil conditions, high concentration of plots of land, suitable for scale cultivation. Integrated planning, integration and orderly promotion of water reclamation。
Summary
The rice soil that has been formed as a result of long-term drying up is a special man-made wetland soil, which is part of the unique china soil system classification and is internationally recognized as a china-specific soil. The province of guangdong, which has a long history of using water fields as a traditional water-cultivating province, has become an urgent and important issue as the economy and urbanization develop, the number of such fields is declining and quality is not effectively guaranteed, and the resources of such fields are protected and sustainable use is maintained。
