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Summary: in forestry development, yang tree cultivation is a key component, and for the relevant sectors, pest and disease management is important when it comes to the cultivation of the yang tree, which, if it is effective, will ensure its effectiveness and contribute fully to forestry development. In this regard, it describes the techniques used to plant the yang tree and proposes a number of strategies for pest and disease control, which it is hoped will inform those involved。
Key words: yang trees; planting techniques; pest control
In order to ensure a healthy environment, it is necessary to adapt the environment to the local context and to conduct scientific field management to ensure healthy production. Analysis from the perspective of forestry development in our country, the active construction of wood-based forests and the planting of fast-growing trees through productive cultivation can lead to an effective solution to the problem of timber shortages in our country and to the full optimization of the ecological environment. In the context of reforestation activities in various areas, the yang tree is the preferred wood. However, there are some shortcomings in terms of the current stage of planting the yang tree, as well as deficiencies in pest and disease control. It is therefore important to study the techniques used to plant the yang tree and the related pest control measures。
1 yang tree planting technique
1. 1 reasonable selection of varieties
The diversity of the yang tree species, if not reasonably chosen, has serious implications for their growth efficiency. Therefore, the selection process needs to be based on local geological characteristics, climatic conditions, etc., with a rational identification of the species and prohibition of blind seeding problems, thus preventing effects on impact. First, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the physical growth characteristics of different species and for the adoption of mutually appropriate varieties, depending on local natural conditions and other factors, in order to maximize the advantages of the yangs and achieve rapid growth and productivity. Second, the relevant departments and personnel should employ multiple types of recruitment, small-scale testing and concentrated growth. Third, after the selection of varieties, there is a need to prevent confusion in tree seedlings, and the selection process should be carefully managed to improve the quality of cultivation。
1. 2 rational identification of planting sites
For the yangs, adaptive capacity is strong and can grow normally in all kinds of soil. However, good soil conditions need to be ensured if they are to achieve productive and rapid production. In addition, the yang tree prefers moisture and sunlight, but overwater affects its growth. Therefore, plots with sufficient moisture and soil fertility should be selected to ensure soil permeability and drainage. For example, the planting of yang trees on the sandy land block can promote their growth. For soil effective thickness, it is required to remain in the range of 80 cm ~ 100 cm and groundwater level of 1. 5 m ~ 1. 7 m。
1. 3 total area
In the case of fast-growing trees, “three depths” should be chosen as much as possible, namely, deep planting, long distances, large caves and large seedlings. Prior to afforestation operations, deep land reclamation operations are required, which can reduce soil tightness adequately, while optimizing soil permeability and ensuring that the roots are fully exploited in deep soils, and can lead to low-yielding forest lands becoming productive forest lands。
1. 4 cultivation density
In the process of planting the yang tree, there is a need to ensure the suitability of forest density. In the case of large-run wood, rare planting is generally combined with inter-forest farming, based on the fact that inter-fertilization is not appropriate for one rotation period. The range is typically 8 mx8m, 7 mx7m, 6 mx6m, with a length of 4 - 6 years. It is also possible to select a specification of 4 m long and 10 m long, or a row with 3 m small and 20 m large, between which the crop will be grown for about six years. Based on these density conditions, the rotation period is around 11 years, with a cubic accumulation of around 210 m3/hm2 and a chasm of about 40 cm. For small- and medium-range wood, the length of the line is within 4 mx4m, with a rotation period of about 5 years, and a cubic accumulation of 100 m3/hm2 with a chest size of about 20 cm. A comparison of the surveys shows that higher planting density leads to higher costs, while low production efficiency and low timber run-off lead to greater efficiency in large runoff materials. After the planting density has been set, a “triple, two-step, one-sapling” method can be used for planting, i. E., one third of the soil is refilled in a large tree, and the tree is placed in it for planting and processing. The soil is then refilled and the tree is lightly treated to ensure that the roots are fully strained. The soil is then pedaled, the water is irrigated rationally, the soil is pedaled after the water is fully permeated and the wind is set up。
1. 5 afforestation methodologies
1. 5. 1 general approach. The principle of deep cultivation, saplings, large caves and long distances should be actively observed in the process of growing the yang tree. The actual specifications could use 80m x 80m x 80cm, an approach that would enable plant cadres to rapidly transform their roots, fully guarantee their underlying quality, and thus fully absorb water fattening and nutrients in the soil, and ensure the drought-resistant properties and growth quality of the plant。
1. 5. 2 insert. This method of planting is less in demand for seedlings but has a high survival rate. If the number of trees is small, this option is available in areas where the climate is dry and soil moisture is high. The branch is usually cut in a one-year-two-year-old tree, with a length of about 65 cm, depending on the circumstances. The upper end of the plug needs to be maintained at a good level and on the ground, which will provide sufficient assurance that the tree is germinate。
1. 5. 3 investigation of deep-dry plants. This approach allows for the full regenerative capacity of the roots of the seedlings, and deep-planting methods allow for the full expansion and depth of nutrient absorption of the roots, thereby strengthening the absorption rate of water fertilizers and providing adequate protection against drought levels, growth, etc. The method is more widely applied in the area of the river beach where the yang tree is grown. Cultivation operations are generally carried out using large caves, where small caves are dug, leading to deep-seated groundwater formations with iron。
1. 6 fertilizer management
1. 6. 1 reasonable water application. At this stage, which usually requires 14d-30d, from the point of entry to the end of the leaf, the stem is highly susceptible to water imbalance, less reversible, and is rapidly decaying if it does not take root in time. The month of april was an important period in which new nursery activity was in the range of 65 per cent to 70 per cent if rainfall was not available in the plantations. The focus of this management is therefore to ensure that soil moisture is appropriate and, if the drought is severe, a full-water operation should be carried out, and pine earth operations should be carried out in a timely manner after irrigation has been completed, avoiding surface sheeting to ensure that the yang tree activity rate is maintained。
1. 6. 2 scientific fertilization. 1. 6. 2. 1 btp. Prior to the afforestation operation, the treatment of base fertilizers should be carried out in a scientific manner, with the option of choosing soil fertilizers and calcium carbonate fertilizer at 1,500 kg/667m2 and 50 kg/667m2, respectively, and in a manner that provides sufficient fertilizer for the growth of the plant around its roots. 1. 6. 2. 2 fat pursuits during life cycle. During the period from 1 june to 20 september, trees grew at a high rate of growth and there was a high nutritional demand for urea for urea-based fertilization, which could be applied to the soil before the rain, which would have penetrated the soil. In order to avoid proprietors and ensure that the level of woodification is maintained, a fat hunt should be completed by 10 august, and urea is prohibited if the blade contains moisture, otherwise it will be burned. 1. 6. 2. 3 post-plant fertilization of seedlings. After two years of cultivation, a suitable amount of urea fertilizer is required for use in ~0. 1 kg/punch ~0. 3kg/pupil. After three years of planting, urea was used at 0. 3 kg/punch ~0. 5 kg/pupil. After four years of planting, urea was used in 0. 5 kg/punch ~0. 7kg/pupil. This will be followed by a one-to-two-year rate of fertilizer tracking, which will in turn fully guarantee the quality of nutrition supplies。
2 yang tree pest control strategy
2. 1 yang tree pest control strategy
2. 1. 1 combat of moths. 2. 1. 1. 1 lifestyle. The moths cross at night with the twilight and lay eggs on the back of the leaves. Adults are falsely dead and luminous, and their reproductive capacity is not prominent, with female moths usually bearing around 300 eggs. The larvae are five years old, with 1 to 3 years of age mainly concentrated in the group, and gnawing leaves for nutrients is not seriously detrimental to plant growth. However, there has been a sharp increase in the number of larvae aged 4 ~ 5 years, making the growth of plants more dangerous. 2. 1. 1. 2 method of treatment. First, manual removal of worms. Full knowledge of the area, location and density of five generations of larvae has been obtained, and the manual eradication of larvae during winter and spring can reduce adequately the base for the second year of the moth and control its occurrence. Second, seduction. In adult plume, the persons concerned can be seductively treated through black light lamps, reducing the density of insects in the moths that follow. The quality of the response should be fully assured, as far as possible before the three-year-old larvae. The response lasted from 25 july to 5 august. Thirdly, ground-based prevention. For small and medium-sized forests below 12 m, ground-based treatment can be used by means of a ground-based treatment method at the age of three, using a spa wet powder of 15g/667 m2, before which a small amount of water and laundry powder should be added to the drug for even mixing, followed by 1,700 times the water added, so that spray operations can be carried out after mixing. Fourth, for high-flying trees such as green belts, the main features of the choice of means of spray on board the high-range vehicle should be permeability, high range, a vertical range of 20 cm, a horizontal range of 40 cm, low cost and easy to operate. Fifth, smoke-proof. For the 3-year-old yang tree pure forest, the density can reach 0. 7. 1. 2% of bitter-smoking milk paints can be selected for wind-control treatment with a dose of 40g/667m2 and a ratio of 1⁄9 to diesel. Smoke treatment takes place mainly at 16:00 to 18:00 and 16:00。
2. 1. 2 grasshoppers. 2. 1. 2. 1 biologicality. The infestation rate is 1 generation/year, and winterized eggs pass through the ovaries and enter the soil for winter, and hatched between 1 april and 10 may of the following year, after which they will not climb out of the ovaries. After 11 april, the temperature began to rise rapidly, and if the bugs were to rise up, it would largely end from 25 april to 20 may. In the case of worms, they are settled in the main trunk after they have been excavated and are hidden in the back wind and sutures, mainly eating the larvae of trees and young branches. Insect action at an early age is small in scope and is hidden in trees, caves and other locations. The first decorating began between 25 may and 5 june; the second decorating took place between 20 june and 30 june, and the male insects did not take food and then impregnated behind the weeds, earth stitches, subcutures and sews of trees, around 10d, from 25 june to 10 july. The male insects are mainly active in the evenings in search of female tails. Between 20 june and 10 july, the female will complete the third decorating and turn into an insect. On july 10-20, when the male dies when the male returns, the female will continue to endanger the plant, starting the tree during august 11-31, and entering positions such as sews, rocks and the like, and laying eggs in the ovary, usually with an egg yield of 140/s and the female will die after the spawning. 2. 1. 2. 2 method of treatment. First, the glue method. At 1 m from the ground, scrape the old coarse skin off by blade, about 30 cm wide, just rubbing the glue. At that location, 0. 5 kg of spent diesel or spent oil may be used for cooking, 0. 5 kg of cedar may be added to it and may be used immediately after full melting, or 1 kg of asphalt or 1. 1 kg of waste oil may be heated and boiled first, then the asphalt may be mixed into it, after the two are evenly integrated, usually requiring two smears. Second, drug control. In the case of pests, 40 per cent of monocrotophos humid powder can be sprayed between 21 may and 31 may, or 20 per cent of the magnanic humid powder can be 2000 times. In the case of the tree, the method of pedestals should be chosen, with the option of treating 2% of the aphids with a desired 1 ml/1 cm chest size, with good control。
2. 2 prevention and treatment of yang tree diseases
2. 2. 1 ulcer disease. 2. 2. 1. 1 symptoms of morbidity. When there is human or mechanical damage, ulcer disease is highly likely to occur and ulcer disease is most appropriate at 26°c. When an ulcer attack occurs in the yang tree, there are signs on its surface, in the form of water stains, bubbles and circulars. As the disease continues to develop, the blisters flow out of black ulcer fluids and then fall. If the disease is serious, the ulcer can be around the trunk for a week, leading to the gradual atrophy of the branches above the disease. 2. 2. 1. 2 method of treatment. In the process of seedlings being planted in the field, or in the case of branch cutting activities, it should be ensured that the action is slow enough to prevent damage to the tree body. There is also a need to prevent insects from chewing on tree bodies and causing injuries. In cases where wounds were found in the tree body, the sterilization should be carried out in a timely manner with microbicides. Fifty per cent of the polybacterial humid powder 80 times the fluid, 50 per cent of the debacterium 100 times the fluid may be selected for spray treatment, three successive applications and one/two weeks。
2. 2. 2 black spots. 2. 2. 2. 1 symptoms of morbidity. At the beginning of the spring and summer, the yang tree is prone to black spots, and the trees are weak or flourishing, the rains are abundant and the temperature is high, the planting grounds, if they are low, will accumulate water and will not allow for effective drainage. During the period from 1 july to 10 august, a high-temperature climate with heavy rains could lead to an increase in the probability of black spots and, at the same time, to an increase in the incidence. In the early stages of black spots, two dots on the back side of the blades occurred, in the form of needles and dimples. As the disease spreads, the bright spots rise, and they are about 1 mm high and black. There are spots on the front of the leaves, brown. One week after the onset of the disease, both the front and the back of the blades were bulged in the form of white milk. As the disease continues to grow, it is possible to concentrate on a series of developments that will eventually turn into circular diseases. In addition, in cases of very serious disease, the face of the leaves is turned to black and gradually atrophy, with abnormal fallout of the leaves and effects on photocosy, which make it difficult to obtain nutrients effectively, and the emergence of small old trees, which, in turn, lead to an increase in the probability of pests and pests, with serious implications for the healthy growth of the yang tree. 2. 2. 2. 2 method of treatment. Black spots need to be dealt with in a manner that is consistent with the principle of integrated treatment and that ensures their effectiveness. Actively carrying out tree-breeding operations, ensuring the scientific intensity of planting, rational repair of branches based on the density of branches, removal of long, weak and ill branches, preservation of strong branches, adequate assurance of ventilation and lightness in the forest, promotion of tree growth and protection of the resistance of trees. During the rainy season, when rainfall occurs, inter-forest ditches should be kept open and water accumulated should be removed in a timely manner, thus reducing the pathogen base to adequately control the probability of disease occurring. In the early stages of the onset of the disease, the person concerned may select 25 per cent of the multibacterium 200 times the liquid, 250 times the liquid, etc., for treatment, with three successive sprayings, with a frequency of 1/12d. In the case of adult forest areas, where black spots occur, because of the high size of the tree, 8 per cent of the bacillus smoker and 2. 5 per cent of the flucium silicate fumes can be selected for treatment and the spray effects can be fully enhanced with spray equipment. At the same time, it can be carried out using 50 per cent of the multibacterium 700 times more liquids, which are sprayed and carried out three consecutive times, with a frequency of 1/12d, with the most significant effect in the absence of wind or rain。
3 concluding remarks
Based on the foregoing, there is a wide range of uses of ying wood, both for wood use and for processing purposes, and there is a growing demand for wood in the country. The yang tree-growing environment should be fully considered and scientific methods of cultivation applied. The level of cultivation technology is being actively strengthened, with due attention given to detail. Actively undertaking pest and disease control, fully combining chemical and manual control methods, thereby fully enhancing the social and ecological benefits of tree planting。
By the people's government of the town of harado in the songshan mountains of the city of accentu, inner mongolia
