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[summary] ginger has a long history of growing in the country, is an important food product for thousands of households and can be picked up, processed, drugged, etc., has important food and pharmaceutical value, and market demand is high. The aim of this paper is to further enhance the level and economic efficiency of ginger cultivation by summarizing the technique of ginger cultivation。
[keywords] county; ginger; planting techniques; ginger seed sprouts
The district is situated in the crib of the western qinqing nandu, which is located in the upper part of the kaung river. The subtropical region is characterized by a transition to warm temperate zones. It is rich in light, heat, water and soil, with an average temperature of 12°c per year, a frost-free period of 214 days, an average annual rainfall of 746 mm, a suitable daylight of 1689 hours, a favourable climate, adequate light and moderate rainfall, and a suitable area for ginger cultivation. The successful pilot planting of ginger from shandong was introduced in 2017 in the district, which resulted in the production of fresh ginger, fresh meat, spicy mouths and fragrance. After two years of pilot cultivation, more than 400 acres of ginger were developed throughout the county in 2019, with an average acre production of 7,000 pounds and an average acre production of 10,000 yuan, which is a good farming industry for increased farmers, agricultural efficiency and rural development。
1) land selection for cultivation:
The choice of a flat terrain, deep, ventilated, organically rich sandy soil, which protects the fertility of the water, requires the ease of drainage of the plots and the difficulty of accumulating water. Ginger is not suitable and should be rotated for three to four years with rice, cross-flower, legume crops, etc。
2) selection of quality ginger:
High-yield, high-quality, insect-resistant and commercial ginger varieties are selected. Ginger is selected to be big and full, bright and bright, fresh and hard, with one or two sprout-free old gingers. The main varieties of ginger are ginger on the east side of the mountain, ginger on yunnan and ginger on the side of sichuan。
3) ginger sprouts:
The ginger seed is taken out of the ginger cellar and is laid on the ground for two to three days, and when its surface is lit up, it is sprayed with 50% more than 500 times the fungus and 20% more than 1,800 times the soluble powder of the mirex, which is administered to disinfect, insecticidal, and then placed in a ginger bag (40 kg each) into the sprouts. The sprouts are generally constructed using steel frames or bamboo structures, which are long, wide and high, typically 10*5*2. 5 metres, and are covered by three layers, i. E., by a layer of warm cotton in the middle of two layers. In the shed, the ginger seed is stacked in three layers, heated with a fireplace, which starts to bulge 24 hours a day, but the temperature in the shed must not exceed 50°c, and the bulge requires that the ginger seed temperature not exceed 28°c and not less than 12°c. The humidity in the shed is regulated by the ginger seed itself and generally does not require human intervention. In 15 days, the sprouts are rewinded using the top-to-down switch, the right-to-right swap, keeping the ginger seed even, and in about 20 days, the ginger seed begins to sprouts, and in 25-30 days, when the ginger sprouts grow to about 1 cm。
4) full application of fertilisation
• the fields that sow ginger should be retrenched two or three times, reaching 30 to 40 cm deep in the earth floor, before seeding the whole acre with a combination of 2000 to 3,000 kg of roted organic fertilizer and 100 kg of potassium sulphate-type compound fertilizer, and then tilling to level the soil, with a distance of 70 to 75 cm, 12 to 15 cm wide and 23 to 25 cm deep。
5) the planting of seeds in due course:
In mid-april, seeding was carried out with appropriate amounts of organic, biobacterium and 15 kilograms of complex three-kilogram fertilizer in the ravine, which was applied to produce fertilizers, which were mixed into the gutter with the soil, and which, if the number of underground pests were greater, could be treated by saping thionate granules, placing the level of ginger in the gutter at a distance of 22-23 centimetres (i. E., four and a half trees) and humid 2-3 centimetres of fine earth, around 4,600 per acre, with a grafting of about 250 kg of ginger seeding, then laying drip belts in the ginger gecky ditch, then putting on a small cavity and covering a special balm。
6) following fat water:
The seedling begins 20 days later, after 45 days it is almost ready, and when it grows to the top of the membrane, it is released in time to prevent the burning of the seedlings and the membrane is removed. The seedlings were found to be watered once with a drip tube and once with two or three sprouts and 5 kg of water soluble at each time. One, two, three sprouts are applied 15-25 kg of compound fat for three centimetres per acre, depending on the sapiness, and three sprouts are applied 60 kg of compound fat for three centimetres per acre for application to the garden. Since autumn, ginger has been growing at a time when there have been a large number of branches and new leaves on the top of the ground and the roots of the underground sector have grown rapidly. Ginger plants grow faster during the boom and demand for water is higher. In order to meet the water demand for plants at this time, the planters should maintain the humidity of their planted soil at about 75% to 85%, so that it can contribute to the growth of ginger. Finally, three to four days before the harvest, water will need to be watered again so that some wet dirt can be attached to the ginger clot at the time of receipt, thereby extending the storage of the cellar. The lower temperatures in the early days of ginger cultivation and the higher rainfall will affect to some extent the growth of ginger seedlings. In order to prevent the accumulation of water in the field, the plant growers should also complete the drainage of the field's ditches and dry the rain so as to promote plant production. In the later stages of the growth of the seedlings, the soil in many places will be covered with grass and oily shells, which will reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and thus provide good drought preparedness。
7) temperature of shades:
Ginger is resistant to high temperature and strong light crops, so shade is provided during the growth of the seedlings, which can be covered with sunnets to promote growth。
8. Drought and flood prevention:
Ginger is not resistant to drought or to flooding, and water is strictly required. It is desirable to keep the soil wet for a long period of time, and during the high summer temperature, water should be poured down in time for early and late water, and rain should remove water from the field in time to reduce the incidence of ginger plague。
9) in time to be cultivated:
In order to prevent the rise of the roots, the thickness of the skin and the deterioration of the quality of the skin, it is necessary to carry out, in a timely manner, the cultivation of the soil, which usually begins at 20 cm height, at 5 to 8 cm each, for a total of 2 to 3 times。
10. Disease control:
Ginger disease is mainly caused by decomposition and spot diseases. Decomposition generally occurs in july, and in august-september, during the peak of the disease, the strain was discovered to be removed in time to dig up the bacterial soil and to be disposed of in clean, sterile landfills after plastering in the pits. 50 per cent of the 100 bacterial cleanup 800 times the fluid is sprayed at the beginning of the specter disease and once every 7-10 days. This is in addition to ginger plague, which is usually treated in a preventive manner, and which should be eliminated in a timely manner, using 5 per cent of lime water or 0. 2 per cent of copper sulphate for soil disinfection. Chrysotile pests are mainly made of ginger and trichlorfon is used for leaf spraying. Ginger maggots use thion to root。
(11) ginger harvest and storage:
Ginger is usually harvested from late october, and it is best to pick it up in the clear, to pull the root out with a hoe, to remove the ginger seedling and the roots, to remove the soil from the roots, to collect it carefully and to avoid damage to the roots, to collect it before the frost falls, and to store it with dry water. The most suitable storage temperature for ginger is 16-20°c, generally using cellar storage, digging cellars should choose transport facilities, wind-to-light, high ground, and later digging cellars should be paved with bricks to facilitate the laying of ginger piles, with straw around the cellars to prevent the injury to the roots during transport and handling of ginger, and should be checked frequently during the ginger storage to see if there is decaying ginger or whether the temperature is appropriate, and should be picked out in time, and if the temperature is too high, it should be ventilated。
12. High-yield cultivation methods:
In order to achieve the high quality of ginger production, the first choice is to choose suitable plots. The sandy soil of fertile soil and estranged soil should be selected for use, with easy drainage and transportation in the areas where cultivation takes place, with fine seeding and the application of base fertilizers, organic fertilizers such as chicken dung, goat dung and grass-wood ash, the best of which are ripe, and, second, high-quality anti-disease varieties. Weak ginger seed is removed prior to seeding and the soil is severely disinfected; the third is repulsive. Ginger cultivation is best targeted at new groundings, which should be rotated with crops such as onions, garlic and beans to prevent inaccessibility; and, fourthly, scientific management, which should be strictly implemented at each stage in accordance with the dynamics of the field, such management measures as fattening, pest control and the removal of weeds from the fields。
13) analysis of the benefits of cultivation:
Plantation inputs: the main costs of ginger growing are those of production materials such as ginger seed, pesticide fertilizer, membrane and manual management. The planting of an acre of ginger needs 500 kg of ginger, which costs 3,000 yuan per pound; production materials such as membranes, steel bars, pesticides, fertilizers, etc., which cost about 1,000 yuan; and manual management costs of about 2,000 yuan, for a total of 6,000 yuan. Production benefits: the average acre production of ginger is 3,500 kg, $4 per kg, and the acre production value is 14,000 yuan. With the exception of production costs of around $8,000 per acre of net profits, the economic benefits are significant, and the large-scale development of the ginger industry can effectively generate employment for the remaining rural labour force, promote the development of rural niche industries, improve the ecological and habitat environment, and have significant social and ecological benefits. Ginger cultivation can therefore be used as an important rural development for the consolidation of the gains made in the fight against poverty and the promotion of rural renewal。
