In recent years, the agricultural sector has been expanding the natural advantages of the mountain water show, optimizing modern agricultural models, implementing green anti-control techniques in line with the requirements for the use of green food pesticides and fertilizers, improving orchard ecology, rationally controlling the occurrence of pests and diseases, investing in green fruit, developing the “five mega-cultures” and branding the country of apples. This paper provides a brief overview of apple-growing techniques and pest control to provide scientifically effective assistance to the growers concerned。
1. Apple farming techniques
1. 1 choice and transplantation of apple seedlings
1. 1. 1 plum selection. It is important to learn about the growth and development of fruit trees in accordance with local climatic conditions, geographical circumstances and growing environments, and to select suitable fruit tree varieties, such as red-gallards and generals, and to improve the quality and production of fruit trees through specialized planting techniques and management。
1. 1. 2 transplant. The transplant takes place around mid-april of each year, usually using a nutrition transplant. At the time of transplantation, transplantation is selected in a well-lighted and winded location, so as to address the maturation of apples and their different sizes, the nutrients can be planted together, the extra leaves reduced and the fruit tree burden reduced. In the process, farmers should be fattening, watering, and eventually soiling and levelling。
1. 2 growth condition analysis
A strong apple tree is nurtured to choose the appropriate growth environment, in which the soil environment is of great importance. Based on its vitality, adaptability and coolness, a fertile, wet soil structure facilitates the growth of apple trees. In addition, the elements of light and moisture are necessary to satisfy the growth of apple trees. It is therefore important to ensure that apple trees have a certain amount of light time to promote flowering, results, and make the fruits redder and sweeter. In the case of sufficient light, rational irrigation can improve fruit production, ensure adequate water intake and adequately replenish root and soil water needs for the purpose of fertilizing fruit trees. In general, proper irrigation can increase sit-in rates before flowering, with a full amount of water being irrigated during periods of fruit expansion to meet the demand for high demand and to make the fruits more full。
1. 3 dry oscillation of apple branches
Depending on the type and density of the fruit tree, a different type of trim should be applied, and the fruit tree should be trimmed in a different number of times and in a different manner depending on the four stages of growth, i. E., the early age, the initial outcome, the productive period, and the ageing period。
1. 3. 1 age group. At this point, fruit trees are not formed and need not be trimmed to allow them to grow freely. In the second year, surplus branches could be removed, “lightly,” leaving a strong backbone to promote early production。
1. 3. 2 initial outcome period. During this period, fruit trees grow rapidly and are trimmed to increase yields, allowing the main dryer to mix with other varieties, mating, cleaning up dense branches and improving the light conditions of the tree for the purpose of cutting the leaves。
1. 3. 3 period of production. In order to foster new branch growth, the aim should be to promote branch growth and stabilize high-quality production. To ensure greater development space for longer and better branches, the phase should be dominated by the restoration and upgrading of branches to ensure maximum productivity and quality of apple trees。
1. 3. 4 old age. Based on the gradual erosion of the aging of apple tree bodies, old, sick and weak branches should be cut off, excessive buds should be eliminated and better-developed branches should be well grown and productively productive。
1. 4 apple tree fertilizer
1. 4. 1 reasonable fertilization. In order to enhance the tree position, increase the organic content of the soil and promote the production of fruit, it is appropriate to fertilize rationally and, in general, in the early autumn and autumn, to apply the base fertilizer, which is mainly based on farm fats and is applied rationally in conjunction with calcium fertilizer, to reduce the incidence and improve the quality of the fruit tree morbidity. However, in order to avoid excessive application of pesticide fertilizers, acidification of the land and increased environmental pollution, consideration should be given to the scientific nature of fertilization, the best use of soil formulations, the prior measurement of alkalinity of the land and the nutritional content of fruit leaves, the targeting of fertilizers, the identification of fertilization methods, the combination of soil conversion and nutrients and their full utilization. In order to increase the resistance of trees, boron fertilizer can be applied, fruit tree condensation disease can be combated, and zinc fertilizer can be applied to fruit leaf disease. During the seedlings of fruit trees, fertilisation is also carried out in cyclopedias or radioactive trenches, which should be extended outward from the projection of the tree canopy to form cyclopedias or strips. And mixed the fertilizer and the earth into the ditch. The irradiated ditches are seven or so irradiated ditches within a canopy projection that combines fertilizers with soil。
1. 4. 2 follow fat. Apple trees, which are rich in trees, are subject to phosphorus and potassium trace element fattening, which mitigates the rapid growth of apple trees, slow and weak apple trees, and more nitrogen fattening to promote their strength. In the thin orchard of the land, the soil is structurally weak and the water loss is severe, and fertilization should be based on a small number of multiple fertilizations; viscosy soil has poor aerobics, and more organic fertilizers should be used to improve the soil environment. Before the fruit tree blooms, the fruit tree receives more nutrients and is followed mainly by nitrogen fertilizer to increase the rate at which the fruit tree germinates. When flowers are set, it is necessary to ensure that plants are photo-cooperative, that the sun is adequate and that a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is replenished to prevent the fallout. Before the expansion period, mixed fertilizers were applied to promote the division of fruits. After growing, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are used together to improve the quality of the fruit and the quality of apples。
2. Apple bug control
Traditional anti-drugs are generally of a broad spectrum and should be prevented by science, green control, taking into account the balance between pests and natural enemies, using natural control by natural enemies to reduce chemical pesticide residues, identifying the main pest and pest quarantine targets in the process of distribution of trees, ears and fruits, and improving quarantine and prevention。
2. 1 diseases
Apple rotting. Apple rotting directly decomposes apple tree bark, the roots decay, and the period of sprouts, causing the main fruit tree to decompose. Therefore, it is necessary to perform agricultural control, scrape the old skins, pellets and rotting spots on the trunks, and paint biopesticides such as scavengers and funnicolin where they are found. In addition, the leaves should be cleaned in time for the fall of the ground, which should be completely cut in winter, cut off the branches of disease, concentrate on burning or burying, and prevent early fallout。
2. 2 pests
Most pests suck fruit and juice, causing leaves to die and fall. Controls can be carried out using agents such as moth mites, avimulin, larvae 3, vermin, and rapid extinction. It can also be used to control gold turtle beetles, such as fins and fins, using insecticidal lamps to trap sugar and vinegar, and tree-crushing. Biological control can include the planting of short tree seedlings and grass around orchards, increasing biodiversity, increasing the number of natural enemies, releasing red-eye bees for one week, and combating leaf invasion for insect treatment purposes。
3. Concluding remarks
The growing environment of apple trees, planting, and post-plant pest control are long-term, integrated management techniques, and growers should continuously improve the level of fruit tree cultivation techniques and enhance the capacity of apple tree pest control. Strengthening new apple technologies and demonstration applications for new varieties, improving tree breeding systems and promoting the economic efficiency of the apple industry。
