Chongqing mayor's life district's high-impact planting technique points
1 general description of the pears
Pears are a line of pears, fruit near circle, fruit index 0. 96, yellow green, fruit and snow white, soft and juicy, stone cells are rare, sweet and sweet, soluble solids contain 12 to 14 per cent, quality upper, single fruit weight 200 g, maximum 500 g, fruit food availability 96 per cent, marketed in mid-july, fruit flat, fruit face clean, fruit meat white, fruit nuclei small, meat thick, tender, juicy and sweet, flavory, honey, and other. The varieties mature early, fruit-bearing period 110 d, maturity in mid-july in long-lived areas. Growing habits: are clearly strong, have high growth rates and have strong branches. It is easy to form buds, with early results, dominated by long and short branches, which are productive and less visible in years and years under conditions of scientific management. In general, the buds of mid-march began to bloom in late march and the fruits matured in mid-july。
Pears are highly adaptable, resistant, flat and mountainous, with the disadvantage that they are prone to rusty face, which can be overcome by bagging, water control, and avoiding the use of emulsive pesticides during the early years。
2 elements of cultivation techniques
2. 1 construction
In order to achieve early fertility, planting density depends on the location of the plant and soil fertility. For the purpose of early production, planned plantings are used, with a range of 3 m x 1. 5 m for the nursery garden, 3 m x 4 m for the adult orchard, followed by intercession or retrenching after 8 to 10 years of pear planting. Pollination trees are selected for fragrance or yellow flowers, with a ratio of 3 :1 between the main plant species and the pollination species。
2. 2 fertilizer water management
Fertilizer water management is key to meeting the quality requirements of green food production, improving pear production and flavor quality and achieving efficiency gains. Fertilizers are mainly applied to organic fertilizers, with the use of micro-organisms and green fertilizers (horizon-planted oilseeds and bean-deep soil) and small amounts of compound fertilizers. Three key fertilisations were managed during a production cycle. 1) base fat (also known as solid fat). Young fruit trees usually use pig manure or cow manure in separate plants at 50 kg, vegetable cakes at 2. 5 kg, adult orchards re-enact organic fertilisers, fully decomposed organic fertilised fertilisers at the end of september-october after all harvests of fruit, applying organic fertilisers and microbiological fertilizers in ditches (organic microbial fertilizers = 5°1), each 10 kg and sowing green fertilizers (oil or beans). 2) before the flower is fat. At the beginning of march, zhu (amous micro-organisms = 1 mil.), 0. 5 to 1 kg of each plant, turned greens and beans into soil. 3) strong and fat. In mid-may, an amphibious microbial fertilizer was applied once, ranging from 1-2 kg each. Irrigation is largely based on natural rainfall, and irrigation, depending on the drought of the soil, is generally carried out in may, july and august in conjunction with the pursuit of fertilizers and drought-resistant marshes。
2. 3 integration
(b) timing: it would be appropriate to fix the branches every year from december to january of the following year, and could take place in november if needed。
Pear tree shapes are generally monolithic and funky. The tree is dry at a height of 40 to 50 cm, with a central leader remaining two to five years after the tree was planted, three to four branches on the first level, two to three branches on the second level, 100 to 120 cm between the layers, and tree heights at around 2 m. The side branch opens at an angle of 45°-50°, mainly with a light cut. After the sixth year, the side branches were thickened and branched, and retracting was used for central leadership until the central leadership drying was removed, the tree shape was turned into a happy shape, the ventilation conditions within the tree canopy were improved and the quality improved。
2. 4 snacks, bags
2. 4. 1 scavenging
A coronary pear is a pre-maturated variety, and the berries should be duly pre-maturized. It would be preferable to proceed twice: for the first time, 20 d after the bouquet, at the end of april, when the size and size of the bouquets are clear, care is taken to select the bouquets of 3 to 4 ounces; for the second time, on or about 10 may, the bouquets are in principle 1 to 2 fruites per bouquet, with a distance of 15 to 20 cm。
2. 4. 2 packages
Usually, on or around 10 may, when a fruit is finished, a bag is packed that is both insect- and bird-proof and improves the quality of the fruit while reducing pesticide contamination. Following a five-year comparison of six paper bags at the plantation, it was concluded that the pear had a remarkable effect with a double-covered paper bag in the green fruit forest, which was white, with better rust control and a commercial fruit rate of 96 per cent。
2. 5 pest control
2. 5. 1 general principles for pest control
Long-lived coronal pears suffer mainly from pear rust, pear black star disease and pear black spots, and the main pests are aphid red spiders. In the production of green food pears, pest control medicines are carried out in strict compliance with the requirements of the agricultural industry standards of the people's republic of china, with a view to maintaining and optimizing agro-ecosystems, establishing environmental conditions conducive to the reproduction of various kinds of natural enemy and to the breeding of pests and grass, improving biodiversity, maintaining the balance of agro-ecosystems, adopting comprehensive preventive and preventive measures, prioritizing agricultural measures, strengthening cultivation management and adding appropriate chemical controls to achieve the desired results。
2. 5. 2 main measures for pest control
2. 5. 2. 1 agriculture control
In december of each year, when the branches are completed, the gardens will be completely cleaned, the leaves of the orchards will be removed, the disease will be frozen, the disease will be cut, the skin will be scraped, the disease will be burned and the source of the disease will be eliminated. Green fertilizer in orchards reduces weed hazards and enhances the management of fat water to increase the resistance of pear trees。
2. 5. 2. 2 physical and biological control
Inducing insects such as pest-killing lamps, stickers, booby traps, etc. In orchards, manual weed eradication and pest incidence reduction. Adult orchards, which promote pear ploughing, both remove pear garden weeds and defusing the soil for the purpose of soil improvement。
2. 5. 2. 3 chemical control
Where necessary, the rational use of low-risk pesticides, the spraying of thiomers of 3 to 5 degrees in the clean garden and before the chrysanthemum, the use of bitter alkalis to exchange water with water between 800 and 1,200 times the fluid spray one to two times before the bloom, and the prevention of pests such as pears and red spiders. After the flowers are cut, 500 times the bacterium enzyme is sprayed with between one and two times or 800 times the dyson manganese zinc to combat diseases such as rust and black star disease. Pests are used with strict regard to the interval between pesticides, and each chemical pesticide is used one time per production cycle, alternately to avoid resistance. Before the fruit is harvested, it is necessary to work on disease prevention, pest treatment and leaf protection, to accumulate budding nutrients and to lay the foundation for productive production next year。
2. 6 collection
The harvest period should be determined on the basis of the characteristics of the species, the maturity of the fruit, its use and local climatic conditions, and the harvest in the long-lived areas generally begins on 10 july, when the seeds become brown and when they are too late, the handles are easily separated to affect quality and sale. Be careful when harvesting, minimizing frictions and bumps, and when picking fruit, integrate landing fruit collection into biogas pools for harmless treatment。
