In some parts of the country, the early fall of apple groves was affected by successive rains in the autumn of last year, when leaves fell severely and the buds fell poorly. In order to speed up the dissemination of advanced and appropriate technologies and to ensure a steady production of apples in the main area, the department of plantation management of the ministry of agriculture and rural development, in collaboration with the national agricultural technology extension service and the national apple technology system, is studying the development of technical guidelines for the management of the summer production of apples。
Scientific fertilization
In the spring of this year, fruit orchards that have not been fertilized have to catch up with fertilizer because of the effects of disease control and so on. After mid-june, two or four times, 30 to 60 kilograms of acre. The previous period had been dominated by potassium nitrogen fertilizer, which had increased the use of potassium; and the later period by potassium fertilizer, which had been combined with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer (which was determined on the basis of the size of the fruit, the larger fruit would have reduced the use of nitrogen fertilizer and increased calcium fertilizer in early august). The bay of bay area uses radiation ditches or evaporation, and the yellow highlands area uses ditches。
Ii. Drought preparedness
Poor hillside orchards need to pay attention to drought protection. Orchards that lack irrigation conditions: vegetables can be covered by tree dishes, mainly with black membranes, horticultural canvass, crop straws, weeds, etc., with coverage remaining at around 15 cm for the years. Irrigated orchards: promote integrated and water-saving irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation, seepage irrigation, micro-jet irrigation and membrane drip irrigation, and increase the utilization of water fertilizers. Interfacing water reserves: orchards and grasses have a certain effect on the temperature of the water, and they are cut with care to be uncut, uncut, uncut, uncut。
Prevention and remediation of floods
(i) pre-empted drainage. In the case of low-lying orchards with poor drainage, the drainage ditch should be dug in a timely manner before rainfall, ensuring that the drain is smooth and preventing heavy rainfall from causing the garden to accumulate water. Low-lying adhesive fields orchards propose to be drained before the rainy season. It rises along the tree line, and it rises at 10-15 cm。
(ii) be managed by an orchard. Water must be drained from the garden at an early stage, and the fruit tree must be washed down. The sterilization of microbicides is carried out as soon as possible, with a focus on the prevention and treatment of various physiological diseases caused by high temperature, wet weather and water-filling injuries. Weeding in orchard soils is done in a timely manner to improve soil permeability. But it's two to three times fattening the whole tree。
Iv. Poverty prevention and remedies
(i) preventive measures. The installation of a hail net in orchards in areas prone to hail can effectively reduce the loss of hail. Close attention is to be paid to weather forecasting, with artificial hailproofing of areas in a position to do so by means of artillery or mobile rockets firing silver iodized rounds。
(ii) remedies. First, clean the orchards and reduce the source of the disease. The fruit, which is severely damaged and is about to rot, is immediately removed, the year-old branches of the injured are trimmed in time, and the left fruit and leaves are removed in conjunction with the fall and the source of the disease is reduced. The second is the pine soil, with strong trees. In the aftermath of the hail disaster, soil permeability has deteriorated, surface temperatures have been low, root system growth has been affected and pine soil is being cultivated in a timely manner to increase soil permeability. Thirdly, the problem of tree undernutrition can be addressed in a timely manner by leaf-based fertilizer, with 0. 3 per cent of potassium phosphate every 10 days and 2-3 in succession. Fourthly, the protection of tree wounds is enhanced. (b) the selection of agricultural agents such as anti-tuberculosis, anti-corrosy, anti-corrosy and anti-corrosy agents to be used for dry paint to prevent the invasion of the fungi. Five is the spray of multi-acting accelerants, condensants, etc., to prevent the second flowering of fruit trees。
V. Prevention of sunburn
The months of july-august each year are critical periods for the prevention of sunburn, and the following measures can be taken. The first is to increase the number of fruit-leaved leaves in the south-western side of the tree, with a view to reducing the number of fruit-leaved branches and fruits in the sun. The second is the timely watering of high summer temperatures to ensure that the water supply of fruit trees is cooled and humid and to reduce the damage to fruit from high temperature and strong light. Third, a layer of 20 centimetres of straw, grass or wheat, etc., is covered on the plate during high-temperature droughts to keep the temperature down and prevent sunburn. The fourth is that the orchards can be equipped with a sprinkler system, which is activated at temperatures of 29°c and lasts for five hours。
Vi. Prevention of pox disease
Poxes, which are induced by calcium deficiency, are likely to increase this year and require special attention to prevention. One is to improve the soil and promote root growth. Increased organic fertilisation, green fertilisation, grassing between rows, pick-up cover, lime application to maintain acidized soil ph at 6. 0-6. 5 and phosphate fertilisation, calcium perphosphate etc. In acid sandy soils. Second is the rational application of fertilisation and the control of potassium nitrogen for calcium. A lack of calcium orchard, a reduction in the application of high levels of potassium nitrogen fertilizer, increased application of calcium, magnesium, molybdenum and boron fat, and soil calcium during periods of fruit expansion. Third, soil moisture levels are appropriate. The maximum water holding in the field is around 70 per cent, and during the period of fruit expansion, water is controlled, such as a pick-up, soil humid during the harvest period, and before extraction is strictly prohibited. The fourth is to optimize the tree structure and ensure ventilation. The closed orchard, as far as possible, uses interfoliation to achieve ventilation and can be reduced by two to three waves of growth inhibitors, such as calcium cyclopedic acid or condensant。
Vii. Prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases
The months of june and august are critical periods for the prevention of rotaline, anthrax and early leaf fallout. Inverted use of internal fungicides and protective agents is generally preceded by the use of protective microbicides and the timely application of internal fungicides after the rain. In the case of unpacked orcharded orchards, especially pygmy orchards, the focus should be on early leaf fallout. In general, one dose per drug in mid-july, first half of august and second half of august, with the option of a bordeaux, polyglycerinable humid powder, methyl tobzin humid powder, dyson manganese zinc wettable powder, platinum, polyoxycin, etc., is used no more than twice a year. In addition to chemical control, measures such as increased application of phosphorus and potassium fattening, reasonable trimping and precipitation can be effective in reducing the risk of disease transmission。
Control of pests
(i) protecting the use of natural enemies. The principal follies in orchards consist of dictums, porpoises and aphids, which are highly controlled and where the use of wide spectrum insecticides is minimized. Orchard grass helps to attract and nurture natural enemies, such as the planting of hair leaves for the reproduction of natural enemies, and the gardening of natural grass, to remove the vicious weeds from which they grow, to keep low weeds and to provide shelter for natural enemies. Weeds are to be cut in time during the beginning of the pheasant period of the pheasant, so that natural enemies can move up trees to control pests on fruit trees。
(ii) artificial release of dictums, red-eye bees. In orchards, it is possible to release the dictums of guacamole, the dictums of basil dictums, etc., in the middle of the day or in the evening of the sun, and to avoid the use of mites before and after the dictums are released. More than 15 days before the date of release. The release of red-eyed bees began on the fourth day, usually from the date of the presence of winter worms in the bait trap, every five days, three to four consecutive releases, with an acre count of 12,000 bees per acre。
(iii) the use of sexual inducements to mimic silk. The leeching of silk in the top of the tree canopy prevents the adult insects of the heartworms from finding the female end of the worm, thereby achieving the goal of prevention. The density is generally over 50/acres。
