Melon-protected land cultivation technology
I. Selection of the sowing period
In the spring, the area south of the melon sheds should plan the maturity period for planting until early march, before the beginning of the may rainy season; in the area north of the river, due to the abundance of early spring light, it would be appropriate for the period between the first half of november and february. Autumn grower sheds and field melons are all suitable for the period between mid-july and mid-august. Since the area of gangay has entered september, the area has high air and sufficient sunlight, the air is dryer, especially suitable for the melon's expansion and maturity, and the melons are not only of good quality but also long in storage, but also have significant economic benefits。
Ii. Selection of varieties
In the spring, the selection of pre- and medium-to-pre-maturity varieties is desirable, and in the south of the river, the selection of weak- and wet-resistant varieties is desirable. Autumn planting should be of short duration and should be appropriate for pre-maturized varieties as well as for high-quality specialty varieties。
Child breeding
1. Preparation of nutrients
Five per cent of sterile fields and 34 per cent of fully decomposed composts are added to around 1 per cent of three-dollar composite fertilizers (15:15:15) and to a small amount of microbicides, insecticidal drugs (e. G., green 3 and miller), which are fully blended and then stacked, with the delayed autumn cultivation being reduced at its discretion and without compound fertilizer. The soil should be prepared early to prevent fermentation。
2. Drumbing, seeding
In order to bring melon seeds together, the seeds are immersed in hot water of 55-60 °c with an adequate mix of about 10 mins, impregnated with 3h in natural cooling, disinfected with 0. 1 % potassium permanganate fluid with 5 mins, then washed repeatedly with clean water, dryed seed surfaces with extra moisture, wrapped with clean cloths or towels that cannot get out of the water (in no case without oil), covered outside with a membrane to maintain humidity, sprung in an environment of 28-32 °c, so long as the bud reaches 0. 5 cc. Early spring temperatures are low and seedlings should be in protected areas (sun-hot greenhouses or huts), and in the event of a rainy weather, nursery beds should be provided with additional heating facilities. Before seeding, the nutritional conflict should be filled with bottom water. When seed is planted, seed sprouts are flat, sprout down, the seeds cover 1 - 1. 5 cm thick nutrients, then the small arch shed (with a membrane on the bed if necessary) is capped and the temperature of the shed is maintained at 25 - 32 °c, which is available for three days. The temperature of the shed is reduced immediately after the seedling is produced, 20-25°c during the day and 15-16°c at night to prevent the high feet of the seedling. The temperature can be increased, as appropriate, when the seedlings give up their hearts to promote rapid growth. Owing to their high humidity, and in order to avoid excessive heights, the bottom water can be filled with only half-draught water (i. E., to keep nutrients wet), with attention to the timely light of seedlings, increased ventilation, and rapid reduction of wetness of nursery beds, where necessary with proper shades of 30-50 per cent sun-covered nets to prevent high temperature burning of seedlings。
3. Sapbed management
In the early springs, temperatures are low, temperatures are low and cold waves are frequent, so temperature protection measures (especially in the event of rain) are taken, such as at night in small arches add grass curtains or non-weaving, and open a hotline, with special attention to cooling and freezing of temperatures below 10°c at night. In the clear weather, the filaments should be lifted in due course, with more ventilation and less moisture in the nursery. Slender beds are based on the principle of non-wetting, and only once in the light fall of the leaves, when the sun is chosen, water is poured in the middle of the day, and when the rain is not dry, it is strictly forbidden to pour water in order to prevent the bed from getting wet and causing the fall。
Iv. Planting
Pyramid melons are very pre-cooked or pre-cooked and should be planted in protected or semi-protected areas because of the low temperature of the early spring。
1. Land selection
Since the melon root system is relatively thin and resistant to water stains, it requires a low level of groundwater (under 1. 5 m) on the fields, a deep layer of soil, perturbability, permeability and ease of drainage for management。
2. Fertilisation
The melon's fertilizer is based on quick-effect fertilizer, with n, p and k having a reasonable mix, with less or no urea. Cultivating thick melons, applying fertilizers to farmers can significantly increase their resistance and quality, acre application of 3000 kg of corroded compost (or fertilizer) (1/3), corroded pies 100-150 kg, tridollars of compost (15:15:15) 50kg, phosphorus 30kg and potassium 10kg (or 100-200 kg of hay). A standing plant is grown all over the field (crawling 1 m broadband application), while acreage is applied to lime 100-150 kg in order to prevent poor growth of the plant due to soil acidity (and soil ph values above 6. 5 can be measured first)。
Three
When the sapling grows to 3-4 saplings, 25 to 35 days old, it is chosen for the weather. In the area south of the river, due to the availability of more precipitation and air moisture, it is desirable to have a single-scale installation for ventilation, with 6 rows for 6 metres, with a distance of 0. 35-0. 45 m, 6 rows for 8 metres, with a distance of 0. 4-0. 45 m, less rainfall to the north of the river, less humidity of the air, two rows for 6 metres, 8 rows for 6 metres, with a distance of 0. 4-0. 5 m, 10 rows for 8 metres, with a distance of 0. 4-0. 5 m, a triangle for 0. 5 m, and an established water, with an upper membrane, if the temperature is still below 15°c, with a small archer to protect the temperature in the shed。
As a result of high temperatures, the seedlings should not be too old. They should be planted with a single leaf, 10-15 days of age, with a firm root water after planting and 2-3 days after new roots are formed (preferably with silver ash). To prevent high-temperature burning of seedlings, a layer of grass can be covered on a white membrane to reduce internal membrane temperature。
V. Field management
1. Whole branches: whole branches promote early outcomes for melons, produce well developed, reduce nutrient waste and improve quality. (c) stereotyping of monocorms and the preservation of the main chicken as a nutritious chicken (with ease of control over strains and strength). In spring, 11 to 14 octopus leaves fruit, and in the autumn leaves an appropriate early stage (sections 9 to 12) and leaves a pre-fruit chicken. Excerpt early removal, or leave a leaf to increase the area of active luminous leaves, and leave two leaves to bear; take care of four to six leaves when the ground climbs, and select two strong chickens when the chickens grow to around 10 cm, with the rest removed as soon as possible; and take out the 6 to 10 senile fruit and the liver before the fruit. Early removal to promote the fruit, with two leaves for the heart. The whole branch shall be selected in the light of the sun to prevent the occurrence of a disease, if the whole branch is dried up in the rain, accompanied by spraying。
2. Cucumbers: sweet melons are more saplings and, where appropriate, three to six fruit per plant. In the event of a continuous low-temperature rain, the fruit should either be pollinated by hand or treated with a “guacamole” before the flower blooms in order to promote the fruit. When eggs are grown, they are sterilised in full time, and one or two fruit is taken (two or three cucumbers are left in the solar greenhouses of the north china, etc.) and two or four fruit are left in the ground-crawling plant (four for the strong and two for the weak). The selected young fruit, which has a typical variety of characteristics, is strong and bright, with early removal of extra fruit, deformed fruit and worm-breeding fruit, and, depending on the growth of the plant, the partial loss of branches and root leaves, which will facilitate ventilation and reduce the incidence of disease and nutrient waste in order to promote fruit growth。
3st, cucumbers, cedars: when the fruit grows to 0. 5 kg, the cucumbers shall be grown in time to prevent the chickens from falling apart without weight, resulting in the loss of cucumbers that affect production. At the end of its expansion, reptiles, such as grass, straw, foam sheeting, etc., are properly used to separate the melon from the soil in order to prevent morbidity and rotten melons, which can be fully coloured before maturity。
4. Fertilizer management: when the melon is planted to promote its rapid growth, the water can be adequately replenished, and the water can be refilled with the best effect of internal drip irrigation, both to ensure the demand for water fattening of the plant and to help control air moisture and prevent the planting of the plant long (in the absence of drip irrigation, only small cans). When the chicken grows to 0. 4-0. 5 m, the water should be properly controlled and seeded in order to promote the growth of the root system, and when the leaf sprouts, especially those near the point of growth, become deep green, i. E., when there is a slight water shortage, water should be poured once in the morning to ensure the need for moisture during the seating period. The whole flowering period should be free of water and fattening to control the strength of the plant and promote the fruit. During the period of fruit expansion, before netted varieties are fully woven, the water is required to be fully and evenly (dropable, ditched, non-drive) and not to be drenched and wet. At the beginning of the expansion, the demand for fatty water increased sharply, which should be combined with the application of acres with three-dollar complex fertilizer (15:15:15) 25 kg, potassium sulphate 5-10 kg and a small amount of microfat (which may also be sprayed on the face of the leaf); low fertility in the medium and later stages of the expansion (about 15 days after the date of the seat); low fertility in the medium and later stages of the plant (such as a mild yellowing of the leaves), which can spray 0. 3 per cent of the compound every two to three days to prevent premature decay and improve the quality of the plant; and, at the end of the expansion, the netting of the seed after it has been fully formed, until the fruit has matured, the water is stopped, the break is prevented, the leaves are cut, the leaves are increased, ventilation is reduced, the disease occurs and the quality is improved。
Collection
Most of the melon species mature in innate colours (e. G. Yellow skin, white skin), hairs fall off, and airs. The edifice of the fruit handle when it matures into an outlet; the netted varieties are collected within the resulting umbilical cord when it is fully formed; the fruit handle is condensed (some of the varieties are coloured and fragrance is distributed); and the species sold or in need of distant transport are harvested before the fruit is completely turned or the handle cracks. Local fresh sales are collected when the fruit is inherently coloured。
Vii. Pest management
1. Disease prevention and treatment
The nutrient resistance of melons is more long-term, leading to a gradual reduction of resistance only after the fruit has changed in the direction of the distribution of nutrients, or to the occurrence of a variety of diseases due to, inter alia, wet overhang and lack of nutrients. On the one hand, the incidence of disease should be minimized by planting methods, such as sterilization in pre-plant sheds and increased organic fertilizer. Measures such as regulating soil structure and acid alkalinity, laying membrane drip irrigation, tightening branches, increasing ventilation, reducing air humidity, etc. Reduce the incidence of disease; on the other hand, in case of disease, medical treatment should be provided in a timely manner。
2. Pest control
There are more pests in the melon sheds, especially in the form of nematode worms, aphids, earth tigers, guacamole flies, guacamole and leaf flies, which are highly harmful, with little attention paid to devastating disasters, and which should be strengthened, on the one hand, by reducing the source of the insects by laying anti-worm nets outside the sheds, disinfecting them and fully decomposing organic fertilizers, and, on the other hand, by combating them in a timely manner。
