Plant delivery (exw)
It means that the seller has the responsibility to deliver the goods ready to the buyer at its location, i. E. The workshop, factory, warehouse, etc., but is not normally responsible for loading the goods on the vehicle prepared by the buyer or for customs clearance. The buyer bore the full costs and risks of transporting the goods to their intended destination from the seller's location. This term is the trade term for which the seller has the least responsibility, and it is not appropriate to opt for it if the buyer is unable to deal with the exit formalities for the goods。
2. Carrier of goods (fca)
It means that the seller is responsible for the goods that are handed over to it and, after customs clearance, is delivered to the buyer at the designated place of shipment for care. According to commercial practice, when the seller is required to collaborate with the carrier through a contract, the seller may do so if the buyer bears the risks and costs. This term applies to any mode of transport. It needs to be clarified that the choice of the place of delivery has implications for the obligation to load and unload at that place. If the seller delivers the goods at its location, the seller is responsible for loading, and if the seller delivers the goods at any other location, the seller is not responsible for unloading the goods。
3. Shipside deliveries (fas)
It means that the seller delivers the goods to the side of the ship at a designated port of embarkation or barge, from which point the buyer bears the full costs and risks of loss or damage to the goods, and that the buyer is required to perform export clearance. This term applies to carriage by sea or inland waterways. Note: if the buyer's ship cannot land, the seller is responsible for transporting the goods to the side of the ship by barge and still delivering them by side. The burden and cost of loading the ship is borne by the buyer。
4. Ship delivery (fob)
It means that the seller delivers the goods at the designated port of shipment beyond the port of embarkation, where the buyer bears the full cost, risk, loss or damage to the goods, and that the seller is required to clear the goods for export. In other words, the buyer was responsible for the delivery of the goods by ship, and the seller was required to load the goods on the ship designated by the buyer and notify the buyer in a timely manner at the port of shipment and within a specified period of time. When goods are loaded on a designated ship at the port of shipment, the risk is transferred from the seller to the buyer. This term applies to carriage by sea or inland waterways。
5. Cost plus freight (cfr or c&f)
It means that the seller must pay for the expenses and freight required to transport the goods to the designated port of destination, but the risk, loss or damage to the goods and the additional expenses incurred after the incident after the goods were delivered to the deck of the ship, the seller is required to turn to the buyer when the goods cross the port of embarkation ... The seller is also required to perform the export clearance of the goods. That is, the seller is required to pay the cost of transporting the goods to the designated port of destination for delivery on board the ship. However, the risk of goods being delivered on board the port of shipment is shifted. This term applies to carriage by sea or inland waterways。
6. Cost, insurance and freight (cif)
It means that the seller, in addition to having the same obligations as the term "cost plus freight", is required to cover and pay insurance premiums for sea transport of goods lost or damaged while in transit. Thus, in addition to the same obligations as the cfr term, the seller was required to provide the buyer with cargo insurance and to pay insurance premiums, which, according to general international trade practice, should be increased by 10 per cent to the cif price. If the seller and buyer have not agreed on a specific risk, the seller will need only to obtain a minimum level of insurance coverage. If the buyer requests additional war insurance, the seller will have to pay the premium, provided the price is borne by the buyer, and if the seller is able to do so, it will have to pay in the contract currency. This term applies to carriage by sea or inland waterways。
7. Freight payments to (cpt)
The seller pays the freight for the goods to be shipped to a designated destination. With regard to the risk of loss of or damage to the goods and any additional costs arising from events occurring after the delivery of the goods to the carrier, from the time the goods were delivered to the carrier for its care, they were transferred from the seller to the buyer. In addition, the seller is required to clear the goods for export. "carrier" means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform carriage or carriage by another person by rail, road, air, sea, inland or a combination thereof. If the carrier in transit is also used to transport the goods to the agreed destination, the risk passes from the time the goods are handed over to the first carrier. This term applies to all modes of transport, including multimodal transport。
8. Freight and insurance payments to (cip)
“it means that, in addition to its obligations under the same terms as the “freight to be paid to” cpt, the seller is required to insure and pay insurance premiums in respect of the risk of loss of or damage to the goods while the goods are in transit. During that period, the seller had to pay the freight to transport the goods to their destination, and the buyer bore all the risks and additional costs after the seller delivered the goods. This term applies to any mode of transport。
Border delivery (daf)
It refers to the seller's obligation to take the goods ready to be shipped to a designated place at the border, ... To deliver the goods that are still on the means of transport for delivery, to hand over the goods that have not been unloaded to the buyer for disposal, and to complete the customs clearance of the goods for export but not the import clearance. The term "border" may be used at any border, including the border of the exporting state. It is therefore extremely important that the border be precisely defined by the designated location and the specific point of delivery. This term applies primarily to goods carried by rail or road and may also be used by other modes of transport。
10. Delivery on board (ds)
It refers to the seller's obligation to deliver the goods ready to the buyer without customs clearance on the deck of the ship at the designated port of destination, so that the seller bears all costs and risks, including the shipment to the designated port of destination. If the parties wish the seller to bear the risks and costs of unloading the goods, the term deq should be used. Des trade terms are used only if the goods are unloaded on board a ship at the port of destination by sea or inland waterways or multimodal transport. This term applies only to carriage by sea or inland waterways。
11, delivery at port of destination (deq)
This means that the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver the goods it has prepared to the buyer at the docks of the designated port of destination, and that the seller bears all risks and costs, including those arising from acute, tax and other deliveries. Given that the use of deq terms in countries around the world is not entirely uniform as to who is responsible for the import process, attention must be paid to the use of deq terms. This term applies to carriage by sea or inland waterways。
12 unfinished tax delivery (ddu)
It means that the seller will deliver the goods in a place designated by the importing country and will bear all costs and risks (excluding customs duties, taxes and other official charges to be paid at the time of import) for the goods to be shipped to the designated place, as well as the costs and risks of customs formalities. The buyer had to bear additional costs and risks arising from its failure to clear the goods in a timely manner. It is generally recommended that in dealings with countries that have difficulty and time-consuming import clearances, the seller should refrain from using ddus in order to avoid affecting the conduct of transactions because the buyer failed to do so in a timely manner. The term applies to all modes of transport。
Ddp
It means that the seller delivers the goods ready at a designated place in the importing country and bears all the costs and risks of transporting the goods to the designated place, and performs import clearance. In other words, the seller completes the import clearance process at the designated destination and delivers the goods on the means of delivery, which have not yet been unloaded to the buyer, and completes the delivery. The seller must bear all the risks and costs of transporting the goods to the designated destination, including any "tax charges" (including liability and risk of customs formalities, as well as fees, duties, taxes and other charges) due at the destination when customs formalities are required. The seller bears the minimum liability under exw terminology and the seller bears the greatest liability under ddp terminology。
