I. Overview of lemon growing technologies
Lemon, a nutritious fruit, is not only appreciated because of its unique sour taste, but also because of its rich nutritional value. It is vitamin c-rich and an important source of resistance and the functioning of the immune system. In addition to this, lemons contain various beneficial ingredients such as vitamin b6, folic acid, potassium and lemon acid, with significant effects on heart health, a smooth digestive system and skin maintenance. Their resistance to oxidation helps to remove free radicals and reduce inflammation response, while unique acid smelts maintain the alkali balance of the body after metabolism in the human body. However, investment in lemon cultivation also requires careful assessment of market risk。
Ii. Morphological characteristics of lemons and their appropriate growth environment
The lemon tree is green, the wood is green, the plant is strong and the leaves are thick. Its leaves are elliptical, its surface is smooth and its edges are sawned. The flowers are as white as snow, and they have a light scent. The fruit is elliptical or inverted, with a slightly sharp end, smooth and thick, and sweet fruit sour. Lemon is suitable for growth in warm and wet environments and requires adequate sunlight and suitable soil conditions. In the process of planting, care is also needed to combat pests and diseases to ensure the healthy growth and high quality of lemons。
Morphological characterization details:
Lemon, this medium woody plant, can grow up to 3-6 metres high. Its bark is smooth, with colours between gray and brown. The length of the branch is smaller or almost impervious, making the whole plant more flexible. The leaves are in the form of a double leaf, with deep green, while the fresh leaves and buds have dark purple reds. The flowers are white or purple, they are fragrance, they grow in the buds of branches, and they add a bright colour to the lemon tree. The fruit is round, orange yellow, thick and juicy, and sweet inside, one of the fruits that people love。
2. Growth environment profiling:
The growth environment of lemons has unique needs. They prefer warmth and the most appropriate growth temperature ranges from 20-30 degrees celsius. Adequate light is essential and requires at least six to eight hours of sunlight per day. In the case of soil, while lemons can be adapted to a variety of types, they are preferred to lax and well-drained soils, while organically rich soils are of great benefit to their growth. Soil ph is also critical and lemons are suitable for growth in slightly acidic soils with ph values ranging from 5. 5 to 6. 5. In terms of moisture, lemons require a moderate rainfall of about 1,000 to 1,500 mm per year, but they cannot withstand a wet environment. In addition, there is some resistance to low temperatures in lemons, which usually withstand a minimum temperature of between 3°c and 2°c, while the maximum temperature prefers to remain between 37°c and 40°c. In general, lemons are most suitable for growing in environments where average annual temperatures range from 15°c to 30°c。
Appropriate planting climate and timing
Lemon cultivation requires specific climatic conditions and timing. They are warm and wet in their preferred growing environment, with an appropriate temperature range of 20-30° c. At the same time, adequate sunlight is also essential and requires at least six to eight hours of sunlight per day. At planting times, lemons are usually grown in the spring or autumn, and the climatic conditions are most appropriate for their growth needs in both seasons。
Climatic demand for outside cultivation of lemon:
Areas suitable for lemon growth:
Lemon planting timing:
Management of seedlings:
The diversity of lemons is such that selection of planting varieties is recommended on the basis of local climatic and soil conditions to ensure that suitable varieties are selected。
First, the field is cultivated and levelled, and then the 3040cm deep and 2030cm wide canals are dug at a distance of 4050cm。
Next, 2030 cm wide agricultural plastic film is laid at the bottom of the planting ditch. After that, seedlings are planted on plastic membranes at a distance of 25-30 cm and water and fertilization is carried out according to conventional methods to promote healthy growth. Particular attention should be paid to strengthening the growth of the root and the root, while inhibiting the excessive growth of the vertical roots, to ensure that the seedlings build a large root. This will provide a solid basis for the subsequent development of the field as a living and early yield。
Prior to planting, root treatment can be used to prevent root pests. Specifically, 50 ml per seed is sprayed with 10% vinegar solution 300-350 times more solution and 5% amino-vellose 500 times solution in proportion。
4. In order to provide the necessary nutrients, seedlings may be applied to compound fertilizers in combination with water around the roots before growing up to the extraction stage. Recommended selection n-p-k: 15-15 for full-scale or high-nitrogen compound n-p-k: 21-9-15. At the same time, when young leaves grow up to 6 to 8 leafs, they are rinsed out of ill-positioned buds in order to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption。
5. In order to further increase the resistance of the lemon leaf, 2% of the soluble alkaline 1,100 times the solution and 5% of the solution of 800 times the solution may be sprayed every 5-7 days. This would effectively prevent the occurrence of folic disease。
6 after continuous heart-picking and sprouts, until the seedling grows between five and seven months, it can be planted in the field and a new stage of growth can begin。
Plantation techniques
After five to seven months of careful nurturing, the lemon seedlings have grown robustly after continuous care and sprouts. At this point, they can be moved to daejeon, opening a new chapter of growth。
Land-to-land: land plots that are lax, fertile and well drained are selected as site sites. In the autumn and winter, planning is based on a 3 m range x 4 m, with approximately 56 lemon trees per acre. For hilly lands, a circular mass of 0. 8 metres deep and wide can be excavated; if planted in lowlands, the depth of excavation can be reasonably shallow. In the cavity, 50 kg of soil compost is then mixed into 0. 5 kg of lime and 0. 5 kg of calcium perphosphate, which is fully mixed with the topsoil. Finally, when filling up soil, the top layer of fully fertilized pig and cattle covered by 5-10 kg is 20-30 cm above the surface of the ground and complete with an 8 m tree plate; planting: lemon trees can be planted on an evenly distributed rain or well-watered garden and can be carried out four seasons a year. Typically, lemon planting periods are divided into spring (february-march) and autumn (september-october). Plantation is done in the selected shades of the day, which is followed by adequate water showers and covered with herbs to keep them wet. Thereafter, in accordance with weather conditions, regular watering is provided to ensure that the soil is humid; and replanting: in the year or years following planting, if a stock shortage is detected, the same type of seedling or container seedling should be replanted in time to ensure the integrity and productivity of the park。
Lemon's orchard management
(1) fertilizer management: for 13-year-old citrus larvae, the application of fertilizers should be based on the principle of “difficult application, small, multiplication”. Quick-activated nitrogen fertilizers are used in combination with human and animal water, with an appropriate increase in phosphorus potassium fertilizers to ensure approximately 1:0. 30. 5:0. 5 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. During the lemon growing season, 12 times a month should be applied and the annual nitrogen fertilizer applied to each lemon tree should be in the range of 200 g400g. In addition, in order to combat pests and pests and to promote new familiarization, it is proposed to apply an additional one to two extra periods of extra fatting from the top of each sprouts to the old sprouts。
(2) outcome tree fertilization: the application of the result tree should be determined in combination with factors such as soil fertility, tree age, tree position and the outcome amount. In the case of adult lemon plantations with medium fertility and a yield of 100 kg, the annual application of pure nitrogen should be between 0. 8 kg1. 2kg, while ensuring that the annual ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is around 1:0. 60. 8:0. 8~0. 9. Priority should be given to organic fertilizers and organic inorganic recombinant fertilizers, supplemented by composite fertilizers, with targeted supplements to micronutrient fertilizers such as calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron. For growing fruit trees, emphasis should be placed on the application of phosphorus, potassium fattening, while the weaker or aging tree should be re-enacted with organic and microbiological microbacterium fattening, supported by appropriate nitrogen fattening。
(3) time and method of fertilization: lemon trees should be fertilized 23 times a year. Specifically, fertilizers should be applied in late february to early march, in mid-june to mid-july, and in mid-october, before and after mid-october. In addition, during spring and autumn growth, foliage recovery should be carried out in accordance with actual conditions. In order to ensure the health of the winter spring blades, it is recommended that solutions containing 0. 2 per cent urea and 0. 2 per cent potassium phosphate be sprayed every 10d15d and 2-3 successive times between the time of harvest in october and the following february。
(4) weeding in chinese: in the summer and autumn, before the drought occurs, it is necessary to plough in order to keep the soil lax and reduce water evaporation. It is recommended that three to four times a year be cultivated at depths ranging from 10 to 15 centimetres, with care to reduce the roots of injuries. During the summer, green bean fertilizers can be grown between fruit tree lines as cover, which not only prevents soil erosion but also provides the necessary nutrients for fruit trees. Weeds under the canopy should be eliminated in time and covered on the canopy to maintain soil moisture。
(5) shearing:
A. Summer trims: in the summer of may to june of each year, orthopaedic trims are performed. This includes a full-blown sprout, which removes the sprouted sprouting of the trunks and the branches of the bone by covering, cutting and cutting, while retaining the sprouts of the peripherals that extend the top of the branches. When the summer temperature exceeds 28°c, the sprouts shall be stopped. In the case of isolated vacancies and the presence of long-standing ones, it is possible to retain them and develop them into results。
B. Autumn trimping: continue to remove long branches and dim branches from trees in late august until harvest. At the same time, the stem branches of the main stem, which are below 40 cm above the ground, are cut off, and the saplings of the aluminum are returned to the insect branch, the dead branch and the fruitless branch。
C. Winter shearing: mid-november to mid-december, mid-winter, mid-december, after the winter fruit harvest, in which shearing is performed. Shears are mainly light-cut and are combined with retrenchment and alienation. The work should stop when winter temperatures are below 4°c or when weather conditions such as rain, snow, fog, frost, etc. Are encountered. In winter, the main branch, the side branch and the branch shall be controlled in the order in which the lord is strong and weak, maintaining the superiority of the central backbone and keeping part of the tree land within 2. 5 metres. In the process of cutting, unreserved branches, weak branches, insect branches, etc., should be removed, and the cutting sequences should be from the outside to the inside and from the top to the bottom。
D. Spring shears: prior to the flowering of mid-february to the end of march in the spring of the following year, shears continue to be done mainly with light cuts. This trim was used as a supplement to and recheck of the winter trim, with the aim of restoring the tree and adjusting it。
(6) plumbing measures:
The growth of lemons can be controlled by root break, water control, branch circumcision, etc. In addition, the use of multi-activated nitrous fluids, 500 times more, to spray two to three times during the pre-growth period of the branch, or before the season of the autumn of september to october, effectively inhibits the growth of the branch and promotes the formation of buds. Twenty days prior to the flowering period, it was recommended that corroded blubber be applied from 10 to 15 kg and phosphorus from 1-2 kg to provide adequate nutrition for the flowers. At 3/4 of the sheath and after the emergence of the larvae, external fat should be followed, with the option of 0. 3% urea+0. 3% potassium phosphate, or 0. 3% urea+5-7 mg/l 2,4-d solution, or 50 mg/l quest "920" canopy spray. Sprayed every 20 days, with a significant increase in sit-in rates from 2 to 3 consecutive times. Orchards that lack boron can be sprayed 0. 1% - 0. 2% boron during sprouts and again after they are cut. In the event of repeated rain in the spring, the petals will be shaken off, the larvae will be accelerated to green, and care will be taken to combat the effects of pests such as roller moths on the larvae。
Vi. Disease prevention and treatment measures
Disease control is a crucial task in the process of lemon planting. In the case of different diseases, the response is needed. First, the growth of lemon trees is periodically checked to detect and address potential diseases in a timely manner. Secondly, appropriate methods of prevention, such as drug treatment, biological control, etc., are selected according to the type and severity of the disease. At the same time, it is important to improve ventilation in orchards and improve the resilience of lemon trees. The healthy growth and high-yield quality of lemons can be effectively guaranteed through scientifically sound disease prevention and treatment measures。
1. Prevention and treatment of citrus glucose:
Fluctuation is a common disease in lemon cultivation, especially in hot and wet environments. It mainly endangers the trunk and main branch, leading to brownening, water staining of the cortex of the disease and frequent fissures and current glue phenomena, which seriously affect the normal growth and direction of the leaves. In order to combat this disease effectively, we can take the following measures:
(1) agriculture prevention and treatment: increasing the resistance of lemon trees by paying attention to preventing orchard water harvesting, reducing humidity and increasing boron fertilizer. Specifically, leaf spray and root showers can be used at a level of 0. 3 per cent boron fertilizer, which is mixed into human and animal manure. In addition, regular clean-up of the source of the disease is crucial, as early springs combine with trimping, cutting of sick and dead branches, digging for dead trees and central burning to reduce the spread of the disease。
(2) physical control: fire burning is an effective physical method of prevention. In the course of the operation, a blowtorch was used to burn the area from the outer edge to the centre for approximately 30 to 40 seconds until the fertilizing part and the health part were not released. The advantage of this approach is that it does not require scratching the cortex and burning directly。
(3) drug control: during april and september-november, during the onset of tremors, we can treat them with trunk bleaching, canopy sprays and disease control. When the trunk is painted white, raw lime, vegetable oil, salt, dichlorvos cream and sulfur powder are mixed into paste and painted on the trunk of the tree. The canopy can be used to select 50 per cent of dichlorvos 1,000 times or 90 per cent of trichlorfon 800 times, and to spray canopy and trunks to prevent giding pests and fungi intrusion. Scratch control requires shallow scratching and deep treatment, followed by defaminized cotton impregnation, with options including 70 per cent methyl tobuzin or polybacterial 100-200 times more. In addition, it is possible to treat itself with tritium。
2. Prevention and treatment of anthrax: 80 per cent of the mass m-45 humid powder is recommended for spraying down to 600-800 times。
3. In order to prevent the effects of pests and fruits, the lemon pack will need to be treated critically. First, the application of agents containing insecticides, concealments and fungicides is followed by the selection of smooth-faced, fruit-shaped and disease-free lemon nuts for bagging。
4/ at winter clean-up, the entire park is applied evenly at 0. 3-1-percent thirate to reduce the number of disease sources。
