4. Chemical techniques for immunisation organizations
The immunochemical chemical, also known as immunocellular chemistry, refers to a new technology for the characterization, positioning and quantification of the corresponding antigens through antigen reactions and the chemical chromosomal reaction of specific antibodies marked with visible agents at the tissue cell base. It combines the specificity of the immune response, the visibility of tissue chemistry, and detects various antigens (e. G. Proteins, polyazine, enzymes, hormones, pathogens and receptors) at the cell, subcellular level, with the visualization and magnification of microscopes (including fluorescent microscopes, electron microscopes)。
Immunisation cluster technology has developed rapidly in recent years. The 1950s were also limited to immuno-fluorescent technologies, and since the 1950s, highly sensitive and more operational immuno-enzymes technologies have evolved。
The entire process of immunochemicals includes: 1 extraction and purity of antigens; 3 integration of immunofauna or cells, preparation of specific antibodies and purity of antibodies; 3 association of visible agents with antibodies to mark antibodies; preparation of 4 specimens; 3 chemical reactions of immunocytes and coloring reactions; and 8 observation results。
4. 1. Immuno-fluorescent cell chemistry
Immuno-fluorescent cell chemistry techniques are known antibodies (or antigens) marked with fluorescent as probes, detection of target antigens (or antibodies) in tissue to be detected, in cell samples, formation of antigen compounds with fluorescents, which, under the fluorescent microscope, provide bright fluorescent light from high-pressure mercury light sources, can distinguish the location and nature of the antigens (or antigens) and can be used to calculate the levels of antigens for purposes of positioning, characterization and quantification against the substance。
4. 2. Immunase cell chemistry techniques
When antibodies are combined with target antigens, the formation of antigen complexes is invisible under microscopes, such as if the antibodies (or antigens) are attached to a visible agent, and the combinations formed by antigens in combination with antibodies are invisible and it can be determined whether there is an antigen (or antigen) in the tissue. The immune enzyme technique is to mark known antibodies (or antigens) with enzymes (e. G. Spicy root peroxide enzymes) and then react with tissue specimens under certain conditions. If the tissue contains the corresponding antigens (or antibodies), the enzyme molecules in the compound formed by antigens combined with each other can act as catalysts for hydrolysis, oxidation or reduction to produce visible reactions, so that the location and nature of the distribution of the specimen antigens (antigens) can be identified through image analysis and can achieve quantitative purposes。
Immuno-fluorescent techniques, although widely applied in immunological research and diagnosis, cannot be preserved for long periods, the microstructure of tissue cells is blurred, immuno-enzymes techniques overcome these deficiencies, immuno-enzyme techniques are more sensitive than immuno-fluorescent, especially for paraffin slice samples, opening up a new path to immunopathological research, with high electron density of enzyme visible products, appropriate treatments allowing for immunoscopy observation, and immuno-enzymes-codification techniques are divided into enzymes tagging and non-marked antibodies, which combine enzymes with antibody molecules. The latter is an immune response that connects enzymes as antigens to the corresponding specific antibodies, known as non-marked antibody enzymes technology。
