The scale is an instrument for horizontal vision to determine the high difference between two points on the ground. The principle is to measure the high difference between ground points on the basis of a standard measurement principle. The main components are telescopes, pipers (or compensaters), vertical axes, bases, and ankle spirals. By structure, it is divided into micro-diplifiers, automatic-equilibrators, laser-standards and digital-standards (also known as electrodes). Accuracy is divided into precision and normal standards。
The use of calibrations consists of five steps: placement of the calibration, rough, aim, flat, reading. Emplacement is the installation of instruments on scalable tripods and their placement between the two sites. First, the tripod is opened and moderated, the head is assessed to approximate the level of the frame and to check the strength of the frame, and then the instrument box is opened, and the scale instrument is connected to the tripod by a spiral of connection. 2. Crude flat. This is a cursory level of view of the instrument, where round-level bubbles are placed in a circle of indicators using a foot spiral. Specific method: practice with instruments. In the process, bubbles move in the same direction as the thumb movement. 3. Aim. Aim is aimed precisely at the target with a telescope. The first is to direct the telescope to a distant and bright background, and to turn the lens to the focal spiral to make the crucible most clear. The fixed spiral is then released and the rotation telescope is used to align the door-to-door connection to the calibration scale and to tighten the fixed spiral. The final revolving animal mirrors to the light spiral, so that the stairwell falls clearly on the crossline surface, then moves the micro-splatter, so that the stairwell is leaning on the side of the stair. 4. Equivalent level of vision of telescopes. A micro-diplifier, equipped with a set of prisms on the upper part of the horizontal tube, allows for both ends of the horizontal pipe bubble to be recoiled into a standard observation window next to the mirror tube, and if the bubble is in the middle, the image of both ends of the bubble will be consistent with a parabolic pattern, indicating the level of vision. If the image of the bubble at both ends does not match, the view is not horizontal. At this point, the right hand can be used to rotate the micro-throwing spiral so that the image at both ends of the bubble is fully compatible, and the instrument can provide a horizontal view to meet the requirements of the standard measurement fundamentals. Note: the direction of the left half of the bubble is not consistent with that of the right thumb. 5. Read with a cross, cross-read on the scale. Most of the scales are mirror telescopes and readings should be done from top to bottom. Read the millimetre reading first, then give the full reading. Note that the steps for the use of the calibration must be done in the order above, not inverted, especially when the pre-reading adjustment corresponds to the bubble, and must be done before the reading. Operating altitudinal displays are measurements of horizontal and vertical angles based on the angle method, divided into optical and e-lystaltics, most commonly electro-lystaltics. Latitude is a mechanical part of the telescope, enabling the telescope to point in different directions. The latitude instrument has two vertical transaxis to adjust the azimuth and horizontal height of the telescope. Latitude is an angular instrument, which is equipped with calibration, horizontal and reading indicators, vertical and reading indicators。
An operation demonstration of the lycée, a full-station electronic speed gauge, means the observation above the side station, where the necessary observation data, such as the slope range, the ceiling distance (arranged angle), the horizontal angle, etc., can be shown automatically and the coordinates of the square range, the high differential and the point are obtained at the same time. The automation of the mapping can be achieved by connecting the full station speed gauge data terminals to computers, plotters and data-processing and mapping software through the transmission interface. The electronic whole station is made up of power components, angular systems, ranging systems, data processing components, communication interfaces, and display screens, keyboards, etc。
The method-wide stationometers are used for a variety of purposes, including angle measurement, distance (slash, distance, high differential), 3-d coordinate measurement, conductive measurement, intersectional fixed point measurement and sample measurement. Basic operation and method of use of the full station: horizontal angle measurement (1), measuring the whole station in an aerometric mode, follows the first target a; (2) horizontal disc reading of a direction of 0° 00 ' 00 ' ; and (3) second target b of which is the horizontal corner between two directions. The distance measurement (1) is preceded by a prism constant input into the instrument, which automatically corrects the measured distance. (2) the setting of atmospheric correction values or temperature, the rate at which air pressure light is transmitted in the atmosphere will vary according to the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere, 15°c and 760 mmhg, a standard value for instrumentation, at which point the atmosphere will be corrected to 0 ppm. When measured, temperature and air pressure values can be entered, and atmospheric correction values (or direct atmospheric correction values) can be automatically calculated by the full station and the range results corrected. (3) the mass instrument is high, the prism is high and the full station is entered. (4) the distance measurement is directed to the target prism centre, starting with the distance measurement, and displays the slope, stratum and high difference when the range is completed. The range mode of the whole station is three types of precision, tracking mode, and rough mode. The precision mode is the most common range mode, with a measurement time of approximately 2. 5 s and a minimum of 1 mm; the tracking mode, which is used to track continuous range when moving target or sample, is typically 1 cm, with a minimum range of about 0. 3 s at a time; and the rough mode, with a measurement time of about 0. 7 s and a minimum of 1 cm or 1 mm. When measuring distance or coordinates, a different range mode can be selected by the range mode (mode) key. It should be noted that some models of full-station machines are not capable of setting the instrument's height and prism when measuring distance, and the high range shown is the high difference between the full-station trans-axis centre and the prism centre. Coordinate (1) sets the three-dimensional coordinates of the stations. (2) sets the coordinates of the rear vision points or sets the horizontal disc readings in the rear vision direction as their azimuth. When the coordinates of the rear-view point are set, the full station monitor automatically calculates the azimuth of the rear-view direction and sets its azimuth as the horizontal disc reading in the rear-view direction. (3) sets the prism constant. (4) set atmospheric correction values or temperature, air pressure values. (5) volume instruments are high and prism is high and enter the full station. (6) following the target prism, the coordinates are measured and the whole station begins to measure the distance and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the point shown. The method of calibration of the air bubble to the whole station and the correct alignment of the air bubble to the instrument: the step method is to place the instrument on a solid tripod and tighten the central spiral. Round bubbles (relatively low, usually 1 minute) are seen in rough flatness, and the three helixes of the rotation instruments are roughly flat. The flattens the instrument to the level of the tube (or long-air bubble tube) on the arm, parallel to any pair of ankle spirals, with the rotation of two-leg spirals leading to bubbles (preferably using the left thumb method, i. E., the right-and-hand hand simultaneously turns two-leg spirals and the two thumbs move in the same direction and the left-hand thumb in the same direction as the bubbles of the tubes). Then, the same rotation will be made at 90° of the same length, with the other toe spiral leading to long-long bubble bubbles. The test rotates the instrument at 90° again, indicating that it is flat if the long bubble is still in the centre; if there is a deviation, repeat the step "equivalent". One or two repeats will be fine. A demonstration of the whole station
