Expert guidance on vegetables, ministry of agriculture and rural development group
According to projections by the national climate centre, winter temperatures are lower than usual this year, with a high probability of extreme and phased cooling. Technical guidance is provided below to guide local efforts to strengthen production management, effectively prevent and mitigate the effects of disasters, stabilize production and secure supply。
I. Measures to combat cold-proof technologies in the field of vegetables
(i) measures to combat cold and anti-frozen technologies in facilities
1. Focus on weather. Timely attention to weather change management, safety awareness and risk preparedness through radio, television, text messages from mobile phones, micro-letters, etc., and early preparedness for disaster weather response, such as cold weather and snowfall。
2. Reinforcement of the skeleton. In order to prevent snow pressure from damaging the structure of the facility, the skeleton of the facility should be checked in a timely manner, and the replacement of severely rusted steel pipes or broken bamboo poles should be repaired. Shelters with low snow resistance should be reinforced and reinforced at an early stage. The façade should be covered with film on the back of the sun-light room in order to prevent infiltration under snow. Clearing tools, such as artificial snow shovels and snow machines, are prepared in advance in order to clear snow in a timely manner。
3. Improving performance. In the event of cold weather, room management is dominated by temperature protection. The sheds were built into small substations, small arch sheds, with multiple layers of cover, buffered film in vents and at the door of the shed to reduce heat dispersion. The temperature-preserving materials, such as quench temperature, are added to the shed and covered with a layer of plastic sheeting to prevent the ingestion of water by the heat-preserving material from causing a decrease in temperature-preservation effect, with multi-layered grasshoppers (pasts) covered around the shed to protect against the wind。
4. Auxiliary warming. Accompanying heat-converting light bulbs, electric heaters, automatic heat-heating winders, air-heating hotlines, electric heat-breeding stoves, emergency heating fuel blocks, fuel-heating stoves, stoves, etc. Are prepared to heat up in time for the onset of the cold tide. When the temperature of the sheds of hot vegetables continues to be below 5°c and the temperature of cold vegetables continues to be below 0°c, the temperature should be increased in a timely manner and a hotline should be pre-positioned in the pedestal soil, with electricity if necessary to improve the temperature and temperature of the ground。
5. Light management. When multiple layers of cover and cloudy weather are less luminous, fog drops and dusts on the tectonic membranes are cleared in a timely manner to ensure their perceivability. The rear wall of the greenhouses sheds is covered with mirrors to clean up old leaves and increase lightness within the plant population. In areas where conditions exist, plant growth lamps, led lamps, etc., should be prepared in a timely manner and, if necessary, light should be used. The sudden turn of the sun after many days of cloudy rain and fog, the sharp brightness of the light, the sharp rise in the temperature of the sheds and the lag in the temperature of the soil, can lead to a weak absorption capacity of the roots of the crops, increased evaporation of the leaves and loss of water. It is not possible to release all of it immediately. Attention is to be paid to the interval or part of it, so that the crop leaves do not lose their water under strong light. If a leaf atrophy is found, it should return to the guacamole (grass) until the plant has been restored before it is gradually released。
6. Increasing resilience. The moderate management of cold-drained plants before the onset of cold and snowy weather has reduced the temperature of sheds by about 2°c compared to normal management, helped to adapt crops to low-temperature conditions earlier and reduced temperatures caused physical obstacles such as falling fruit. In low-temperature weather in winter and early spring, thorogen is sprayed every 7-10 days at 3 mg/acre, increasing the capacity of plants to withstand low-temperature and weak light。
7. Reasonable fattening. Each acre is combined with water dripping and 4-6kg fattening, which adds appropriate moderate trace elements. Organic fertilizers such as corrosive acids, yolc acids, polythylene winterine, fish proteins and biobacterium fertilizers are increased, as appropriate, during the cold season. Under clear weather conditions, foliage can be fertilized with urea or potassium phosphate of 0. 2-0. 3 per cent or other special-purpose leaf fertilizers, with quick and effective nutrient recharge. In winter spring facilities, vegetable water must be watered “three times without water”, i. E., it should be watered in the clear, not in the dark; it should be watered in the afternoon, not in the afternoon; it should be watered in the small, not heavy water, and it should be at above 10°c. Water is strictly prohibited before and during the low-temperature periods following the onset of cold tides, so as not to reduce the temperature of the earth and exacerbate the cold and frost; normal water management is expected to resume as the weather warms。
8. Prevention and control of pests. Close attention is paid to the occurrence of hazards in pests and pests, the detection and removal of central strains in a timely manner, and the use of tobacco or powder for preventive purposes is advisable to avoid the spread of the disease。
9. Timely harvest. The timely harvesting of marketable vegetables, especially peppers, cheese, tomatoes and cucumbers, reduces the burden of planting, maintains strong and increases resistance。
(ii) measures for anti-cold-freezing techniques for field vegetables
Temperature protection. - be active. In the case of vegetable fields that can be farmed in china, when cold, snow, ice or cold flows, it is possible to prevent the freezing of roots and safeguard the vitality of roots by planting them on the roots of vegetables. The second is to enhance coverage. Before the onset of cold tides or rain and snow, cover materials such as plastic sheeting, swirling, straw, etc. Can be used to cover the cold directly. It is necessary to strengthen sun cover after the cold has passed, to slow the process of freezing and to prevent it。
2. Strong plant. Plant-based growth regulators, such as tha esters, can be sprayed prior to the onset of cold-flowing snow to increase cold tolerance of plants. The timely replenishment of a large number of elements and moderately trace elements to avoid inadequate nutrition and promote rapid recovery of vegetable growth。
3. Clearing the guillotine. In winter, groundwater levels are high, and rain and snow weather tends to cause soil to get wet and torn. Before and after the cold tide or the rain and snow, the vegetable fields are to be cleared in a timely manner to prevent water from being sown in the fields and to avoid sapling。
Ii. Technological measures to secure vegetable production in the field
(i) technical measures to stabilize vegetable production in facilities in the north
Plantation management. Water is properly managed and gravitated to the soil after planting, which can be covered by a white or black-and-white membrane membrane, with operational lines covering rice shells, maize straw, etc. Clean weather for whole branches and chickens to remove old leaves; if there are growthless chickens the result is that the number of fruits left is determined by the strength of the plant and by weather conditions, avoiding the slow growth of the fruit and the increase in the abnormal fruit。
2. Light management. Where appropriate temperatures are ensured, cotton is lifted as early as possible to extend the light time, and the sheeting used over the years is cleaned up. In the event of continuous snow and rain, the cotton will be pulled up as long as it does not rain, and in the event of hot weather, it will be sprayed with low-intensity foliage to prevent foliage, such as severe foliage, which, in addition to repeated foliage, will be cast down and shaded, while the foliage will normally be pulled up again and again until the foliage returns to normal。
3. Temperature management. During the pre-growth period, the temperature in the day shed is at 28-30°c and the minimum temperature at night at 13-15°c, depending on the variety and strength of the species, with a reasonable reduction in the temperature of the long and weak night temperature. After the fruit, the temperature is kept at 26-32°c in the day shed, at 18-20°c in the middle of the night, at 13-15°c in the morning and at around 10°c in the night. The temperature differences for different vegetables are specific. In order to ensure appropriate temperatures in the shed, cotton cover should be covered in a timely manner, depending on weather conditions, in order to avoid excessive or low night temperatures。
4. Humidity management. Care should be taken to reduce the humidity in the shed, to provide timely ventilation in accordance with the conditions in the shed, and to provide 10-20 minutes of ventilation at the maximum temperature of the shed at 12-13 hours per day in the light of continuous rain and snow。
5. Fertilizer management. Before the fruit is taken, water can be watered as little as possible, if the soil is dry, fertilizer such as sea algae acid and biobacterial agents can be used for the water and, if water is not required, supplementary fertilizer can be sprayed with leaf cover; if the plant is grown for longer periods, adjustments can be made through proper water control, nitrogen control, night temperature control, inhibition of the use of controlled agents and functional fertilizer adjustments. After the fruit, the water is distributed in consecutive clear mornings, combined with drip fertilizing, with a small number of fertilizers, and a large number of elemental water solution is based on a long-lived choice of potassium nitrogen phosphorus content of 2-5kg/acre at a time; micro-de minimis elements, such as zinc iron, combined with the application of leaf fats, such as algae, fish protein, crustacean, etc., contribute to splitting flowers and improving the quality of production。
6. Pest control. The primary prevention of low-temperature, high-wet diseases can be followed by a combination of 2-3 pharmaceutical preparations to combat fungal and bacterial diseases, and micro-powders and aerosols can be used to avoid increased humidity in the shed. Beware of pests such as aphids, white lice, tremors, mites, etc., can be baited with yellow cedar blue root and, when required, with the choice of avulse, ethylene, furflammide, americium, ethylidocin, etc。
(ii) technology measures to stabilize vegetable production in the southern winter spring
Temperature protection. Actively growing soil, at low temperatures, snowfall, freezing or cold, shall be cultivated by the roots of the vegetables, effectively defusing the soil, preventing the freezing of the roots, promoting their growth and safeguarding their vitality. Scientific irrigation, two days before cold tides and snowfalls, select clear weather for irrigation, increase the heat capacity of the soil, slow down cooling and mitigate the effects of low temperatures. Increased coverage, prior to the onset of cold tides or rain snows, can be directly covered against the cold with plastic sheeting, swirling or sunnets, and, after the cold has passed, the cover can be strengthened to prevent the freezing of vegetables。
Dewetting. In winter, groundwater levels are high and rain and snowy weather tends to cause soil to get wet and torn apart. At the same time, the surface of vegetables is vulnerable to freezing, resulting in the death of ground vegetables. Before and after the cold tide, open-earth vegetables must be cleared in time to prevent water from being accumulated in the fields。
Strong plant. Prior to the onset of the cold, much-needed micronutrients could be supplemented by leaf spraying such as crustaceans, algae acids, etc., or plant-based growth regulators to avoid inadequate nutrition, increase the capacity of vegetable plants to withstand the cold and reduce the incidence of bad vegetables and frostbite。
4. Patient control. Insect predictions are made, and pests, especially cross-facility diseases such as molluscs and frosts, membrane fin pests such as moths and slashed night moths, as well as irritating mouth pests such as eggfruits, masts and aphids, are protected in a timely manner。
(iii) technical measures for early spring vegetable production
1. Cultivation of seedlings. Starting in november, the preponderant areas of winter spring vegetables in the yangtze basin and the southern sub-region of china entered the nursery season for early spring vegetable production. To the extent possible, intensive seedling is used to sow in a timely manner, to enhance light, temperature and water management, and to foster healthy, disease-free, appropriate and high-quality seedlings。
Field management. Early springs are prone to cold and cold waves, with increased field protection after planting. Large sheds can be covered four-weekly, with multiple layers of internal coverage, and open ground cultivation can be used to prevent low-temperature injuries by means of simple small arch sheds, unwieldy cover, etc。
3. Emergency reserve. (c) strengthen market supply monitoring and early warning, and rapidly supplement market supplies by expanding fast-growing, long-term and short-growing vegetable areas such as cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, etc., as appropriate。
