Summary: green development has become the centrepiece of national strategies in the dual context of global climate governance and high-quality domestic economic development, and capital regulation is the key player against systemic risks. Audits, as a "sword of economic oversight", need to build systems of capital regulation compatible with green development through institutional innovation, technological empowerment and synergistic governance. This paper, which combines auditing practices in xiamen, liaoning and guangdong, provides a systematic analysis of the role of audit in promoting green transformation, optimizing capital allocation and protecting against financial risks, and proposes specific ways to strengthen audit oversight to inform the improvement of the national governance system。
Key words: green development; capital regulation; audit oversight; national governance; risk control
I. Introduction: the theme of green development and capital regulation
In 2026, when the "155" began, china's economy faced double transition pressures: on the one hand, it needed to achieve a green, low-carbon transition under the "two carbon" goal, and on the other hand, to address the risk of capital flows from increased global economic uncertainty. In this context, green development and capital regulation have become two central issues of national governance. As a specialized force for economic oversight, the role of audit institutions, both to maintain economic security through capital regulation and to promote sustainable development through green auditing, has been upgraded from the traditional "financial champion" to "governance champion"。
Ii. A green development audit: institutional innovations to safeguard ecological civilization
2. 1 a theoretical and practical framework for green auditing
Green auditing is a professional monitoring, evaluation and assurance exercise conducted by audit agencies on the fulfilment of the responsibility of governments, enterprises, etc. To protect the environment. Its core logic is to promote a virtuous circle of "internalization of environmental costs - green technology innovation - industrial eco-diversion" by revealing management and institutional gaps in the resource environment。
Practical framework:
• policy follow-up audits: monitor the implementation of green development policies, such as the monitoring of the implementation of systems such as long-term forestry operations and the implementation of forest monitoring responsibilities in the forestry resource audits conducted by the benbrook city audit office in liaoning province。
• financial performance audits: an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of funds earmarked for environmental protection, such as the finding by a provincial audit office that some sewage treatment projects have "building-operate-maintenance" problems and the promotion of a "building-operate-maintenance" full life cycle assessment mechanism。
• environmental audit of projects: environmental impact reviews of major infrastructure projects, such as the inclusion of energy-saving emission reduction targets in the project quality evaluation system by the guangzhou city audit office in the construction of a race hall。
2. 2 local practice: from "one-point breakthrough" to "system governance"
Case 1: greening regulation of financial capital in xiamen city
The xiamen city audit office, in its local state-owned financial capital audits, has developed a three-dimensional regulatory model for "systems + data + ecology":
1. Institutional dimensions: promotion of the green development guidelines for financial capital of the state of the city of xiamen, which identify 12 indicators for environmental disclosure by financial institutions and the share of green credit。
2. Data dimension: the establishment of a financial capital equity register database, which compares the analysis of 23,000 property rights data, reveals the lack of statistical coverage of environmental subsidiaries in some national enterprises。
3. Ecological dimensions: the authorities are urged to include the issuance of green bonds in the financial operations report of local enterprises, with the city-wide balance of green bonds exceeding 50 billion yuan in 2025。
Case 2: forest resources audit, benkley, liaoning province
Through the "audit + justice" interface, the city of benbrook audit office has been able to solve the forestry law enforcement challenge:
• 12 cases of illegal occupation of forest land involving an area of 87 hectares were detected, which contributed to an increase in the administrative penalty correction rate to 92 per cent。
• promote the establishment of a joint "forest + public security + court" casework platform, which is 40 per cent shorter in the case processing cycle, in response to audit findings of "unharmonized law enforcement standards"。
Iii. Capital regulatory audits: institutional barriers to systemic risk protection
3. 1 logical re-engineering of capital regulatory audits
In the digital economy, where capital patterns extend from traditional financial capital to new types of capital, such as data capital, carbon capital and so forth, auditing regulation needs to make "three shifts":
• target audience: complex ecological expansion from single financial institutions to platform economies, supply chain finance, etc。
• regulatory tools: upgrading from financial data verification to digital technologies such as algorithm audits, block chain certificates, etc。
• regulatory objectives: the transition from individual risk prevention to the maintenance of the security of capital flows and the promotion of fair competition。
3. 2 risk prevention and control: from "aftercare" to "overall governance"
Case 1: audit of the construction of a stadium in guangzhou city
The guangzhou city audit office uses the "data analysis plus on-site verification" model to build a full-process risk-control system:
1. Investment decision-making phase: simulation of construction costs by bim technology to identify the risk of over-estimated design of a facility, resulting in savings of $120 million。
2. Construction implementation phase: real-time monitoring of concrete quality by means of a networked sensor to avoid major engineering quality accidents。
3. Operational phase: establishment of an asset digitized desk account and full life cycle management of the facility。
Case 2: local financial capital audits in a province
In response to financial trade violations by local state enterprises, audit agencies implement "penetrating regulation":
• through the tracking of financial flows, three national enterprises were found to lend 2. 3 billion yuan through financial disguises in the supply chain。
• promote the establishment of a “negative list of financing by national enterprises” with a clear ban on commodity-free trade。
• the joint bank insurance unit has developed the early warning system for financial diversion, which monitors the significant financial flows of the country in real time。
Iv. Technology enforcement: the transition path of intelligent auditing
4. 1 large data audit platform-building
The smart audit platform, built by the ximen city audit office, integrates more than 20 sectoral data on finance, taxation, market regulation and so forth, achieving three major functional breakthroughs:
• intelligent forensics: automated extraction of key contract terms through natural language processing techniques, with a 60 per cent improvement in audit efficiency。
• risk warning: developing a model of financial capital flows to provide three months' advance warning of the risk of default on the debt of a state enterprise。
• visual analysis: the use of geographic information systems (gis) to demonstrate the distribution of forest resources and the precise location of illegal logging areas。
4. 2 application of block chain techniques in audits
The guangdong pilot "audit chain" project, which supports audit evidence:
• more than 1,200 copies of evidence such as fixed electronic contracts, financial flows, etc., cannot be tampered with through block chains in an audit of the economic responsibility of a state enterprise。
• establishment of an audit overhaul tracking chain for the "issues chain-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-up-the-front" process closed-end management。
V. Synergy governance: shaping a new audit oversight landscape
5. 1 synergies between audit and disciplinary oversight
The "audit plus people" oversight model has been established in the zone to incorporate audit findings into the general human oversight issues:
• in 2025, 43 rehabilitation projects were promoted and 120 million yuan recovered。
• promotion of the village micropower list to regulate the functioning of power in response to financial irregularities at the village level identified by the audit。
5. 2 cross-regional audit synergy
Joint audit mechanisms have been established by the audit bodies of the 11 provinces and municipalities of the yangtze region:
• 38,000 shared environmental monitoring data and 27 trans-regional pollution transfer problems were identified。
• joint promotion of an ecological compensation mechanism, with funding of 4. 5 billion yuan for cross-provincial horizontal ecological compensation in 2025。
Challenges and responses: moving towards high-quality audits
6. 1 existing challenges
• capacity gap: less than 30 per cent of auditors have significant data analysis capacity to adapt to smart audit needs。
• system lag: green auditing standards, capital regulation rules are not yet fully adapted to the new economic landscape。
• synergy barriers: intersectoral data barriers remain, affecting the effectiveness of full audit coverage。
6. 2 optimizing pathways
1. Talent review: implementation of the "audit+professional" complex talent development programme to increase the proportion of people with digital skills to 60 per cent by 2027。
2. Guarantees of the rule of law: promote the green audit regulations, which define the competencies of audit bodies in such areas as carbon trading and esg disclosure。
3. Technology-driven: building a single national audit data centre to achieve "one-source, one-source" multiplication。
Conclusions and outlook
In the service of green development and enhanced capital regulation, audit institutions are upgrading from traditional "economic examination" to "national governance immune system". The future needs to focus on three main areas:
• theoretical innovation: building a chinese-specific green audit theory system to contribute to the chinese programme for global environmental governance。
• technological breakthroughs: a deeper integration of cutting-edge technologies such as quantum computing, generic artificial intelligence and auditing operations。
• global governance: participation in the development of international green auditing standards to enhance the international voice of chinese auditing。
At the new beginning of the "155," ias should provide stronger audit safeguards for the full construction of a modern socialist state by "the spirit of auditing, the development of innovative practices and the building of their own letters"。
