Sweet oranges, which are more expensive than ordinary orange fruit, are growing in less sophisticated ways. To acquire high-quality sweet oranges, it is important to have the right planting skills. Then let's explore the mystery of sweet orange cultivation and see how we should manage this orchard。
Sweet orange cultivation technique 01
Plantation techniques
On the lateral ladders, which have been profoundly altered and detoxified, it is necessary to level the ladder once again and to establish the dens in accordance with the planned range. For mountain cultivation, a height of up to 20 cm and a width of 70 cm is required, with a circular shape. In the pit, pre-positioned fertilizers shall be placed and fully mixed with soil. Please note that unmade tarts are not buried in the soil to avoid harm to the roots of the orange trees. At the mid-point of the pole, bamboo stakes can be placed to further calibrate the range and prepare for subsequent planting。
Special measures are needed to address the high level of groundwater, the thinness of the soil and the shallow distribution of the roots in the case of sugared oranges in water fields, flats and areas with high groundwater tables. This usually involves digging deep trenches and draining water to lower water levels and to increase the thickness of the earth through year-to-year cultivation, which eventually leads to the cultivation of deep trenches. In the mountains, by digging deep earth, and in the waterfields peacefully, by training high earth floors, the purpose is to promote the deep and widespread distribution of roots. It is important to note that not all environments are suitable for rooting, and therefore the use of seedlings is particularly appropriate in orange plantations with low-lying and high groundwater levels. Following planting, the site should be expanded in phases, with 600 to 800 loads per acre per year, and should be completed before winter to ensure the healthy growth of the sweet orange trees and the formation of orange gardens with deep trenches。
Set planting time
The planting time for sweet oranges is typically divided into three periods: spring, autumn and winter. Spring seeds usually take place in mid-april, when the spring is ripe; autumn species choose to take place between september and november, when the fall is ripe; and winter species are suitable for late january, when the winter passes, before the spring starts. However, in recent years, with the widespread use of scaffolding, planting times have ceased to be strictly seasonal。
Carefully
When trees are easily accessible, mud-planting is commonly used. Sufficient wet-regulated nurseries are required for 2-3 days before planting in order to ensure that the soil is properly wet. The seedlings need to be carefully collected, as far as possible, to maintain the integrity of the roots and to be covered with mud and straw to ensure rapid transport and cultivation。
Before planting, trees should be carefully screened for size and strength. During planting, the trees were placed in fixed positions on the pillars, then the roots were stretched and gradually filled in the ground. When the root is half covered, the first root water should be poured. When filling the soil, care must be taken not to exceed the matrimony interface and properly compact the soil. Finally, it is better to prepare the earth and water the root water for the second time than just once. Weeds can also be covered in areas where conditions exist to reduce water evaporation。
In heavy rain, strong wind and hot weather, sweet oranges are not suitable for planting. Once the planting has been completed, the presence of roots or tilts needs to be carefully examined and, if found, immediate measures should be taken for soil cultivation and rehabilitation. In addition, within three years of planting, mountain orange groves, because of their small crowns, are unable to provide sufficient shades for their roots and are therefore prone to the problem of laying or sunning roots both after the rains and during droughts. In order to address this problem, coverage should be done, with the usual cover being grass or green fertilizers, with local or park-wide coverage selected as needed. All-garden coverage is particularly important for lands that have not yet undergone deep land conversion. For example, mountain orange gardens in the sandfield orchards cut grass every summer and covered the whole garden, and then buried grass in the soil the following spring, which not only protects them against drought, but also prevents soil erosion and increases fertilizer. At the same time, orange gardens with indian bean seedlings have been shown to reduce soil temperature and surface temperature while increasing soil water content and creating better growth environments for sweet orange planting。
02 entire and productive
Entrenched advantage
The dense cultivation of citrus is an important experience accumulated by older farmers in the guangdong tide area in long-term production practices. Enrichment allows the early production of citrus, as the initial encirclement, although small in size, has a large overall number of plants, resulting in a large number of results and high acre yields. According to experimental data from the citrus field in yang village, there is a marked difference between three years of production of snow under different planting densities: 80 plants per acre, with a total production of 14,359 pounds per acre, and 50 plants per acre, with a total production of 9,400 pounds per acre. Similarly, the concentration of 125 plants per acre can reach a high yield of 15,900 pounds。
Tighten up and deforest
There are also many successful cases of intensive production in actual production. For example, the orange gardens of rhogan's grand vision, with a planting density of 90 acres per acre for four consecutive years, produced tens of pounds. After 90 acres were planted, the average acre production in the third to fourth years was 3500 to 4,000 pounds. In recent years, the acre production has also exceeded 10,000 pounds of a large group of orange groves, with a planting density of 100 acres per acre. These examples provide ample evidence of the significant effects of dense planting in citrus production。
It is an indisputable fact that a reasonable number of plantations must be planted on each acre to ensure a fruitful harvest. However, it is not unconditional, and it is influenced by a number of factors. In the fall of 2005, for example, they carried out a secret willow planting experiment using 1 x 1 metre range and acid cortex, which was closed in spring 2008. After reaching 4,300 pounds of acre production in 1969, production began to decline, with signs of decline within the canopy by 2010. This suggests that, while dense planting can bring a temporary harvest, it is not as close as possible. In practice, we need to be flexible in our approach based on orange varieties, aluminum, soil conditions and management measures to ensure early abundance and balance long-term production. At present, the typical citrus cultivation density in the peri-urban region of guangzhou is between 80 and 120 units per acre, depending on soil conditions. In the case of the yellow dragon disease threat, it might be more appropriate to increase the level of dense planting appropriately, not only to increase production but also to provide more buffer time to deal with yellow dragon disease。
Tree crown management
With the growth of orange tree crowns, over-crowding becomes unreasonable when the leaves are crowned and sealed. Following the closure, ventilation was affected, resulting in the drying of the inner chamber branch, which resulted in a shift of the result position from the lower middle of the tree to the top level, eventually leading to a sharp decline in production. It was therefore particularly important to address the issue of closed doors。
A large-scale logging test began in 1971 at the yang village citrus farm farm farm and nearly 10,000 trees were cut in four years. Although the number of trees decreased by 3. 8 per cent as a result, total production increased by more than 40 per cent per year compared with the pre-harvest period. This proves that rational logging can effectively balance planting density and contribute to the recovery and development of the forces, thus ensuring a steady high yield。
Logging can take four different approaches:
Intercropping: this is a common method whereby a line is cut every other line, but the first tree close to the garden is not cut intermittently。
Two lines apart: this method is to cut off one line every two lines, also retaining the first tree by the garden。
(a) the break-up of branches over the years: in the first year, only large branches stretching to both sides of the line are sawed and vertical branches are kept to continue to produce results. In the second or the third year, the branch stretches out to the side of the other side. Then the whole plant is cut off。
Separating between strains: this means cutting between different lines, i. E., all of them. This approach seems to have opened a large skylight for the orchard, while the first tree on the edge of the park was kept uncut。
In the case of intercession, the choice shall be made before the spring sprouts of each year, preferably immediately after harvest, and after cutting. At the same time, care must be taken to protect the wounds of the thaws and to apply protective agents to prevent infection。
According to the experience of the institute, one-way and two-way cutting should be a one-off harvest, which would effectively address ventilation and facilitate the management of orchards. It needs to be noted, however, that over-cutting can have a significant impact on yields and is therefore more suitable for use in highly dense orchards, which are not suitable for one-time logging of trees where inter-harvesting and rational planting have taken place。
The inter-cropping of trees will be required to continue to produce results over a period of two years, thus ensuring a steady yield that is robust and easy to replicate。
Inter-cropping, which is moderate in volume, can maintain high productivity. Since it is a one-time full-scale logging, it can effectively address the ventilation and management of orchards. There is no need for intercession in the second year after logging. In case of re-harvesting, the choice may be made to remove the remaining strains or separate them. Similarly, this approach can be easily replicated。
They have adopted a unique approach in the intensive orange garden of the lugang three brigades on the outskirts of guangzhou: the main branches of the two-to-four subdivisions of the overstretched plant were briefly sawed off and then taken with a mud transplant. Thus, by the third year, significant production would be available. This is more effective than cutting off whole trees. Where conditions permit, the systematic use of inter-annual cutting and transplantation is worth mentioning。
The main problem with dense planting is the dilution of tree crowns, which affects the growth and production of fruit trees. In order to address this problem, foreign researchers have explored spray growth inhibitors to curb the excessive length of branches. For example, kmh (maleyl obese potassium salt) at concentrations of 250-1000 ppm can significantly inhibit branch growth and have long lasting effects. In addition, drugs such as “yala” and nia-10637 showed similar inhibitions at similar concentrations。
On the other hand, dense planting techniques require canopy canopy, which not only helps to increase planting density, but also reduces the costs of harvesting fruit and pest control. As a promising early shrunk log, the burrito is of interest to researchers. Research at the xinlong experimental station of the south china tropical crops research institute shows that snow-crusts are set to reach 80 - 130 centimetres in height and 40 - 128 centimetres in height for only 17 months after they are attached to burrito-leaked wood, and that they are able to bloom in large quantities, with a maximum of 22 stand-alone fruit. It should be noted, however, that the growth rate of the latter has slowed。
