Capital markets: capital markets are financial markets in which equity finance and medium- to long-term capital lending takes place for more than one year. The money market is a financial market in which short-term capital finance is available for one year, and those in need raise long-term funds through capital markets and short-term funds through money markets。
Shares: shares are shares issued by a limited company to the financier in the collection of capital, representing the ownership of the shares by their holders. The following are essential characteristics: non-reimbursability, participation, profitability (stocks are usually preferred for investment during periods of high inflation), liquidity, price volatility and risk。
Bonds: bonds are instruments of debt on which the government, financial institutions, businesses, etc. Have made a commitment to pay interest at a certain rate and to repay principal on agreed terms when they raise funds directly from society. It has the following characteristics: repayment, liquidity, security, profitability。
Convertible securities: a holder has the right to convert them into securities of a different nature, consisting mainly of convertible corporate bonds and convertible preferred shares。
5. Certificates: if issued by the issuer of the targeted securities or a third person other than him or her, it is agreed that the holder, within a specified period or at a specified maturity date, has the right to purchase or sell the subject-matter securities from the issuer at an agreed price or to collect the value of the difference by cash settlement。
Subscription certificate: if issued by the issuer, the agreed holder has the right to purchase from the issuer, within a specified period or at a specified maturity date, the marketable securities for the subject-matter securities at an agreed price。
7. Certificate of buy-in: if issued by the issuer, the agreed holder, within a specified time period or on a specified maturity date, is entitled to sell the subject-matter securities to the issuer at the agreed price。
Portfolio investment funds: funds are a grouping of equity investments with shared interests and risks, i. E. By issuing funds units, pooling the funds of investors, trusted by the fund trustee, managed and used by the fund manager for investments in financial instruments such as equities, bonds, etc。
Open fund: is a fund in which the total amount of funds issued is irregular and the total number of fund units increases or decreases at any time, and an investor may, at the request of the fund, requisition a fund at a country-defined place of business or redeem a fund unit。
10. Closed funds: means a fund in which the total amount of the funds issued is determined in advance and the total amount of the funds remains the same during the closed period, and where investors can transfer, buy and sell funds through the securities market。
Level i markets: the primary market for shares, i. E. The issuing market, in which investors can subscribe to shares issued by companies。
12. The full ipo name is initial public offering (first public equity) which refers to the manner in which a company (company companies or limited liability companies) first made public its share to the public。
13 issue price: when shares are listed, the listed company issues the listed shares at a price that is known as the issue price of the shares, not in nominal terms but in terms of its own interests and ensuring their success。
14. Price premium issuance: a new listed company conducts a public issue at a price above nominal value or a listed company conducts a cash replenishment at a price above nominal value。
15- deck issuance: is issued at a price lower than the one before it。
Secondary markets: the market in circulation, the place where the shares issued are traded。
17, unit a: the official name of unit a is the rmb stock。
Unit b: the official name of unit b is rmb special stock。
H unit: h unit is the foreign investment unit in hong kong registered and listed in the mainland。
20, s: one-time adjustment of the abbreviations relating to stock a effective 9 october 2006. Of these, 1,014 g companies removed the “g” tag and restored stock abbreviations prior to the implementation of the equity reform programme; the remaining 276 companies that did not or had done so but had not yet implemented them, were labelled “s” to alert investors。
St stock: st-board shares are those listed on the deep stock market, and the csrc is alerting its shareholders to specially processed shares for operating losses or other irregularities。
Blue chip stocks: blue chip shares are those issued by highly reputable companies with high capital, equity and market value。
24 red zone: the red zone is those shares with a mainland chinese concept registered abroad by hong kong and international investors。
25 qualifications unit: this refers to better performance and surplus in the past few years, and the outlook for the coming years is still good, except that there will no longer be high growth potential equities. The outlook for the industry is good and the rate of return for investment can be maintained at a certain high level。
Garbage units: garbage units are the shares of less performing companies. Some of these top companies are in the middle of a loss line either because of poor industry prospects or because of poor operations. Its stock performance in the market was weak, its stock prices were low, its investment was inactive and its year-end dividends poor。
Growing stock: business equity, with a higher rate of profit growth, in the new and promising industries. Growth stock prices are on the rise。
Cold-gate equity: is a stock with a small volume of transactions, poor liquidity and small price changes。
29 the leading share: the leading share is a stock that, at a certain point in time, has an impact and appeal on other shares of the same sector in a campaign in the stock market, and its rise or decline tends to guide and demonstrate the rise or decline in other shares of the same sector. The dragon unit is not static, and its status is often limited to a period of time。
Country units: the national units are the shares of the sector or agency authorized to invest in the state on behalf of the state (cne) that invest in the company by means of state assets, including the converted shares of the existing state assets of the company. It is an integral part of state equity。
Corporate legal unit: a legal entity is a legal entity of an enterprise or a corporation or a social group with legal personality, in which the assets at its disposal by law are invested in an unlisted joint interest formed by the company。
The public unit: the public unit is a publicly removable share of the public when it invests in the company with the property it owns, in accordance with the law。
Basic aspects: fundamental aspects include macroeconomic performance and the basics of listed companies. The macroeconomic performance reflects the overall performance of listed companies and sets the context for further development of listed companies, so that macroeconomics are closely related to listed companies and the corresponding stock prices. The basic aspects of listed companies include financial position, profitability, market occupancy, operating management systems, and talent formation。
Technology: technology refers to technical indicators reflecting changes in media, patterns of movement and k-line combinations. Technical analysis has three premises, namely, that market behaviour is inclusive of all information; that there are certain trends or patterns in price changes; and that history repeats itself. Since market behaviour is perceived to include all information, macro-level, policy-level factors can be ignored, while the regularity of price changes and historical reoccurrence make it easier to judge future trends with historical transaction data。
Cows: cows are also known as multi-markets, where market conditions generally rise and last longer。
Bear city: bear city, also known as the empty head market, shows a low profile, extending over a relatively long period of time。
Cow-pie markets: in the trading day under review, the prices of securities rose and declined only slightly, prices changed little, and market prices were pegged, as strong as cattle。
Pooled bids: the so-called pool bid is to enter stock prices at a time when they have not yet been sold on the same day, based on the previous day's offer and the stock market's forecast of the day, and all prices entered into the computer mainframe during this period are equal and do not need to be traded according to the principle of time preference and price priority, but rather to the principle of maximum turnover, which is called the pool bid price, and the process is called the pool bid。
Continuous bidding: a continuous bid is the commissioning of each declared sale。
40. Zero trading: shares in less than one unit (one hand = 100 shares) such as 1 share, 10 shares called zero shares. When stocks are sold, they can be entrusted with zero shares; however, when stocks are purchased, they cannot be entrusted with zero shares, the smallest of which is with one hand, or 100 shares。
Limitations on increase and fall: the increase and fall limit refers to the fact that, within a trading day, the transaction price of securities, other than the first-day securities on the market, may not exceed 10 per cent in relation to the market price at the date of the previous transaction; the commission exceeding the increase and fall limit is invalid。
The maximum stock price in the securities market at the day of the transaction is called the cut-off, and the price at the time of the cut-off is called the cut-off。
The minimum stock price on the day of the stock exchange is referred to as a break, and the stock price at the time of the break is referred to as a break。
Hosting: under the custodian voucher system, an investor entrusts one or more issuers with the management of their shares, such as subscriptions, purchases, conversions, etc., and can sell their securities only at these issuers; the issuer provides the investors with various business services such as securities purchase, automatic red-off payments, search for securities and funds, and transfer of funds。
Transfer of trust: in order for an investor to transfer its shares from one voucher to another under the voucher system, it is necessary to institute certain procedures to effect the transfer of the management of shares, so-called transfer。
Designated transactions: designated transactions are those in which an investor may designate a single business department for which securities are sold and sold for himself。
Disbursement: the closing price of the stock on the previous day minus the dividends issued by the listed company is referred to as contribution。
Right: right to be entitled to unsaltered shares。
49 discrepancies: discrepancies resulting from the fact that the real value of the enterprise (net assets per share) represented by each stock has decreased as a result of the increase in the equity stock and the need to remove that element from stock market prices after that fact。
Right to fill: refers to an increase in the price of the stock after the separation of rights, which fully offsets the price differential before and after the separation of rights。
Discount: a discount is a discount where the market value of the transaction is lower than the base price of the disclaimer (discount interest), i. E. Where the share price is lower than the share price before the right is eliminated, if the majority does not favour the unit。
Xr: the name of the securities is pre-recorded on xr, indicating that the unit has been disallowed and will no longer have the right to dividends upon purchase of such shares. When xr appears before the name of the stock, it indicates that the date is the date of separation of the stock。
Earnings: the elimination of interest rates resulting from the distribution of dividends by the shareholders of the company reduces the real value (net assets per share) of the enterprise represented by each stock, and the need to remove this element from stock market prices after that fact has occurred。
54 dr: the securities code is preceded by dr, which indicates that the shares are no longer entitled to dividends。
55, xd: the security code is preceded by xd, which indicates that the shares will be interest-distributed and will no longer be entitled to interest-bearing rights upon purchase。
Shares: the shareholding is the act of the listed company, in accordance with the requirements of the company's development, and in accordance with the relevant regulations and corresponding procedures, aimed at further issuing the new stock to the original shareholder and raising funds。
The share is the return on the investment of the listed company to its shareholders, and the share is the act by which the listed company, in accordance with the requirements for the development of the company and in accordance with the relevant provisions and the corresponding procedures, allocates new shares to the former shareholders for further fund-raising。
Red stock: red stock is the profits of the year that are left in the company by the listed company and the dividends are issued, thus converting profits into equity。
59. Revolving equity: the objective results are similar to those for red equity, since the conversion of equity capital to equity by a company does not change equity gains for shareholders。
60. Date of registration of shares: when a listed company delivers shares, shares and dividends, it is necessary to set a date on which to define which shareholders may participate in dividends or shareholdings, and that date is the date of registration of shares。
Shell listing: shell listing refers to the indirect listing of non-listed companies that divest themselves of the assets of the purchased company by acquiring some of the less performing and weak listed companies。
Size is not reduced: it is not a non-negotiable unit, but is called " dafi " , which is more than 5 per cent, as a result of a change in the share to enable the non-current share to be held in less than 5 per cent. When non-current shares are available, they throw out the cash and call it a reduction。
Valuation: equities valuation is the method and philosophy used to discover the inherent value of equities and to buy undervalued equities or sell overvalued equities to generate investment returns。
Return of value: the process by which the stock or stock price is reduced to its intrinsic value when there is a significant deviation between the equity or equity price and its intrinsic value。
Qfii: eligible offshore institutional investors。
66 dqii: qualified in-country institutional investors。
